{"id":21052,"date":"2022-07-19T14:42:54","date_gmt":"2022-07-19T18:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/?page_id=21052"},"modified":"2024-04-29T11:41:35","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T15:41:35","slug":"highlights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/research\/highlights\/","title":{"rendered":"Research Highlights"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n
Cotton and the Future of Textile Design<\/strong> delves into the profound connection between artisans and fiber materials. Professor Janie Woodbridge, supported by The Cotton in the Curriculum Grant Program from Cotton Incorporated, leads a project exploring the intricate relationship between designers and their materials. Collaborating with TATM faculty members Dr. Lisa Chapman, Dr. Traci Lamar, Dr. Kavita Mathur, and Professor Kate Nartker, Woodbridge orchestrates a series of engaging experiences for design students. These immersive activities, including hands-on workshops, enlightening field trips, and insightful guest lectures, all revolve around the tactile exploration of cotton’s material essence. As students delve into the intricate world of textile design, they gain a deeper understanding of how traditional craft knowledge intersects with contemporary industry practices. The project’s culmination\u2014a Student design competition and exhibition\u2014celebrates the fusion of age-old techniques with innovative design approaches, showcasing the transformative potential of cotton in shaping the future of textile design. (April 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSmart Electrically Powered and Networked Textile Systems<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAmanda Mills, Wei Gao, Cassandra Kwon, and Veena Misra<\/h4>\n\n\n\nSmart textile systems<\/strong> are an area of research that encompasses a variety of applications and end uses. The SHIFT research group, led by Dr. Amanda Mills, is collaborating with Drs. Wei Gao (Textile Engineering), Cassandra Kwon (Zeis Textile Extension), and Veena Misra (Electrical and Computer Engineering) on the SMART-ePANTS: COUTURE (Smart Electrically Powered and Networked Textile Systems: Comfortable Outfits from Utilitarian Textiles for Unobtrusive Recording of Events) project to engineer a garment that can record and store audio for intelligence gathering. Their innovative approach uses fiber-based electronics and batteries on a woven electrical grid for a fully integrated garment. Each functional component used in the garment is either embedded within or in the shape of a filament. The outcome will be a discreet, washable system that is entirely fabric-based. The development of individual components and interconnections creates a novel platform for future smart textile research. (April 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExploration of Metal-complexable Dyes as p<\/em>-Phenylenediamine (PPD) Hair Dye Replacements<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nTova N. Williams<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nMetal-complexable dyes of diverse chemistries <\/strong>are being explored by Professor Tova N. Williams <\/a>and her research team as potential PPD hair dye replacements. Currently used PPD hair dyes contain potent skin sensitizers that can induce severe allergic reactions in individuals. Given that millions of individuals opt to utilize these dyes, it is imperative to seek alternatives that are efficacious, so they are more likely to replace PPD hair dyes. PPD hair dyes are efficacious (and the most popular), because of their in situ<\/em> formation in hair during application as the result of an oxidation reaction of PPD and precursors such as resorcinol. Indeed, the precursors will couple and form indo dyes that are oligomeric (dimers, trimers, etc.) and not easily desorbed from the hair during washing, rendering them \u201cpermanent.\u201d Hence, we have studied metal-complexable dyes known to display affinity toward nylon and wool at high temperature (90-100 o<\/sup>C) for their feasibility to form under milder temperature conditions in situ<\/em> in human hair. As a major result, Professor Williams\u2019s team has found that the dyes form 1:2 dye:metal complexes at 40C in human hair within 5 min of application using environmentally benign metal ions such as Al3+<\/sup>, which in turn enhances their durability to washing or permanence. (March 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeveloping a Conductive Fibrous Scaffold with Electrical Feedback Capability<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck and Amanda Mills<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeveloping a fibrous conductive material with electrical feedback capabilities<\/strong> will enable Drs. Jessica M. Gluck and Amanda Mills to study the effects of cardiac rhythm disorders in vitro at a cellular level. Currently, it is estimated more than 16.5 million people in the US suffer from a cardiac rhythm disorder, or a disruption in the normal electrical conduction governing the synchronous beating of your heart. This new conductive material will enable us to better understand how that synchronous beating rhythm is established in the developing heart by providing real-time electrical feedback based on individual cell\u2019s beating behavior. We will also be able to \u201cpace\u201d cells using this system. This research yields foundational insights into rhythm disorder development, paving the way for durable treatment interventions to correct arrhythmias. (February 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nModeling and Deactivating Aerosolized Pathogens<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Jessica M. Gluck, Warren Jasper, and Frank Scholle<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nLimited research and a lack of scientific understanding into the modes of transmission of pathogens on soft surfaces<\/strong>, as evidenced by the recent COVID19 pandemic, has led to poor public health outcomes and policies in the US and by the WHO. While vector and vehicle transmissions (soft surfaces and air) are the two major modes of transmission of pathogens, a fundamental understanding (i.e. predictive models) of vehicle transmission is not currently available. Drs. Mathur, Jasper, Gluck and Scholle are working together to evaluate the role of textiles in both the spread and capture of pathogens, deactivate these aerosolized pathogens, and develop effective strategies in combating their growth and transmission. Textiles, they assert, are an underutilized pivotal asset for advancing global health and preventing the spread of future epidemics and pandemics. (February 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nStructural Modification of Natural Dyes to Enhance Their Uptake on Hydrophobic Fibers Using Waterless Dyeing Methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nTova Williams<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nStructural modification of natural dyes<\/strong> is being explored by Professor Tova N. Williams to enhance their uptake on hydrophobic fibers such as polyester using waterless dyeing methods (e.g., supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing). This research is of interest, because there remains a need for environmentally friendly\/sustainable solutions for the dyeing of textiles including methods that reduce or eliminate wastewater generated. Natural dyes have been recently heavily investigated for their potential to replace synthetic dyes in textile dyeing processes. However, there are practical limitations to utilizing the dyes in this respect, especially in waterless dyeing processes. Many natural dyes are glycosides, meaning they contain a sugar moiety attached to the dye chromogen. This attribute renders the dyes hydrophilic and less likely to be soluble in a nonaqueous medium and less likely to display affinity toward hydrophobic fibers. Consequently, structural modifications are necessary to enhance their hydrophobic character. Hence, Professor Williams\u2019 research team is currently exploring different strategies to modify natural dyes and enhance their hydrophobicity including the use of enzymatic methods. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Virtual Simulation for Enhancing Older Adults\u2019 Spatial Visualization Skills<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nChanmi Gloria Hwang<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D virtual simulation stimuli <\/strong>can enhance older adults\u2019 spatial visualization skills. Spatial visualization is an important element of cognition and this ability in older adults influences their physical functions and psychological health. To address cognitive deficits among older adults, Drs. Chanmi Hwang (Textiles) and Jing Feng (Psychology) conducted an experimental online study with a total of 821 adults aged 60 and older with a customized 3D garment simulation intervention. Paper folding tests were administered before and after exposure to the stimuli and the results showed that the stimuli led to greater training gains in the experimental group. The activity of virtual fitting also brings opportunities for social interaction and increased enjoyment of online shopping experiences and provides insights for apparel retailers, which is significant given that older adults are a major target market due to their high purchasing power. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of Switchable Fluorescent Dyes for the Functional Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy of DNA Nanofiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nSuper-resolution fluorescence microscopy, a Nobel-Prize-winning nanoscopic imaging technique <\/strong>can potentially reveal the interplay of nanoscopic environment and DNA nanofiber packing on gene expression (aka epigenetics). Each human cell nucleus contains 3 billion base pairs of nucleotides (nt) that form DNA nanofibers with a theoretical linear length of 2 meters. To fit into the 10-um size of a nucleus, DNA fibers fold into higher-order chromatin structures and the degree of packing is inversely related to the transcription activity, which fundamentally drives life processes and potentially regulates disease etiology. The ultrastructures and the surrounding environments of DNA nanofiber, which fundamentally underline epigenetics are yet largely unknown. Professor Yang Zhang is working to develop new super-resolution microscopy tools to visualize the nanoscopic functions of DNA and help the epigenetic study of this profound and societally-important biomedical problem. Specifically, his team is designing and synthesizing functional fluorescent DNA labels that are tailor-designed for super-resolution microscopy to highlight individual DNA fibers and outline the nanoscale architecture it resides in live cells. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Evaporation-Driven Power Generators<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nThomas Schroeder<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHarvesting electricity from the evaporation of sweat<\/strong> is one possible approach to powering wearable electronic devices. Evaporation can drive the movement of water within micro- and nano-porous materials such as textiles. If the textile surfaces are sufficiently charged, this flow can give rise to usable or storable electrical energy in the form of so-called \u201cstreaming currents.\u201d Professor Tom Schroeder and his team are working to develop power generation schemes to situate in apparel, where water from sweat can already be found evaporating. This approach belongs to a family of techniques that take advantage of gradients and flows that already exist in the environment to generate electricity without consuming additional resources. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nNovel Textile-based Wearable Systems for Human-Machine Interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHuman-machine interfaces<\/strong> are one of the most critical emerging technologies identified by the federal government as particularly important to national security. Unlike conventional interfaces that are typically made of hard materials and can be uncomfortable to use, textile-based interfaces, on the other hand, are soft, flexible, and conformable to the user\u2019s body or clothing, and offer new possibilities for sensing and actuation. But designing high-experience and human-centered smart wearable devices poses fundamental challenges (materials and fabrication, noise and interference, and so on) that have not been solved by existing approaches. Professors Rong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West are collaborating across disciplines to help overcome these challenges by developing a novel embroidery-based paradigm, predictive models with high accuracy, and system-level integration and applications. Innovation in this emerging area fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of the Wilson College, and it positions us as a global wearable research partner for the long term. (April 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of a Super-resolution Optical Imaging Method to Quantify Cell-cell Junction Tightness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang, and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIntegrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Smart textile systems<\/strong> are an area of research that encompasses a variety of applications and end uses. The SHIFT research group, led by Dr. Amanda Mills, is collaborating with Drs. Wei Gao (Textile Engineering), Cassandra Kwon (Zeis Textile Extension), and Veena Misra (Electrical and Computer Engineering) on the SMART-ePANTS: COUTURE (Smart Electrically Powered and Networked Textile Systems: Comfortable Outfits from Utilitarian Textiles for Unobtrusive Recording of Events) project to engineer a garment that can record and store audio for intelligence gathering. Their innovative approach uses fiber-based electronics and batteries on a woven electrical grid for a fully integrated garment. Each functional component used in the garment is either embedded within or in the shape of a filament. The outcome will be a discreet, washable system that is entirely fabric-based. The development of individual components and interconnections creates a novel platform for future smart textile research. (April 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExploration of Metal-complexable Dyes as p<\/em>-Phenylenediamine (PPD) Hair Dye Replacements<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nTova N. Williams<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nMetal-complexable dyes of diverse chemistries <\/strong>are being explored by Professor Tova N. Williams <\/a>and her research team as potential PPD hair dye replacements. Currently used PPD hair dyes contain potent skin sensitizers that can induce severe allergic reactions in individuals. Given that millions of individuals opt to utilize these dyes, it is imperative to seek alternatives that are efficacious, so they are more likely to replace PPD hair dyes. PPD hair dyes are efficacious (and the most popular), because of their in situ<\/em> formation in hair during application as the result of an oxidation reaction of PPD and precursors such as resorcinol. Indeed, the precursors will couple and form indo dyes that are oligomeric (dimers, trimers, etc.) and not easily desorbed from the hair during washing, rendering them \u201cpermanent.\u201d Hence, we have studied metal-complexable dyes known to display affinity toward nylon and wool at high temperature (90-100 o<\/sup>C) for their feasibility to form under milder temperature conditions in situ<\/em> in human hair. As a major result, Professor Williams\u2019s team has found that the dyes form 1:2 dye:metal complexes at 40C in human hair within 5 min of application using environmentally benign metal ions such as Al3+<\/sup>, which in turn enhances their durability to washing or permanence. (March 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeveloping a Conductive Fibrous Scaffold with Electrical Feedback Capability<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck and Amanda Mills<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeveloping a fibrous conductive material with electrical feedback capabilities<\/strong> will enable Drs. Jessica M. Gluck and Amanda Mills to study the effects of cardiac rhythm disorders in vitro at a cellular level. Currently, it is estimated more than 16.5 million people in the US suffer from a cardiac rhythm disorder, or a disruption in the normal electrical conduction governing the synchronous beating of your heart. This new conductive material will enable us to better understand how that synchronous beating rhythm is established in the developing heart by providing real-time electrical feedback based on individual cell\u2019s beating behavior. We will also be able to \u201cpace\u201d cells using this system. This research yields foundational insights into rhythm disorder development, paving the way for durable treatment interventions to correct arrhythmias. (February 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nModeling and Deactivating Aerosolized Pathogens<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Jessica M. Gluck, Warren Jasper, and Frank Scholle<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nLimited research and a lack of scientific understanding into the modes of transmission of pathogens on soft surfaces<\/strong>, as evidenced by the recent COVID19 pandemic, has led to poor public health outcomes and policies in the US and by the WHO. While vector and vehicle transmissions (soft surfaces and air) are the two major modes of transmission of pathogens, a fundamental understanding (i.e. predictive models) of vehicle transmission is not currently available. Drs. Mathur, Jasper, Gluck and Scholle are working together to evaluate the role of textiles in both the spread and capture of pathogens, deactivate these aerosolized pathogens, and develop effective strategies in combating their growth and transmission. Textiles, they assert, are an underutilized pivotal asset for advancing global health and preventing the spread of future epidemics and pandemics. (February 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nStructural Modification of Natural Dyes to Enhance Their Uptake on Hydrophobic Fibers Using Waterless Dyeing Methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nTova Williams<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nStructural modification of natural dyes<\/strong> is being explored by Professor Tova N. Williams to enhance their uptake on hydrophobic fibers such as polyester using waterless dyeing methods (e.g., supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing). This research is of interest, because there remains a need for environmentally friendly\/sustainable solutions for the dyeing of textiles including methods that reduce or eliminate wastewater generated. Natural dyes have been recently heavily investigated for their potential to replace synthetic dyes in textile dyeing processes. However, there are practical limitations to utilizing the dyes in this respect, especially in waterless dyeing processes. Many natural dyes are glycosides, meaning they contain a sugar moiety attached to the dye chromogen. This attribute renders the dyes hydrophilic and less likely to be soluble in a nonaqueous medium and less likely to display affinity toward hydrophobic fibers. Consequently, structural modifications are necessary to enhance their hydrophobic character. Hence, Professor Williams\u2019 research team is currently exploring different strategies to modify natural dyes and enhance their hydrophobicity including the use of enzymatic methods. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Virtual Simulation for Enhancing Older Adults\u2019 Spatial Visualization Skills<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nChanmi Gloria Hwang<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D virtual simulation stimuli <\/strong>can enhance older adults\u2019 spatial visualization skills. Spatial visualization is an important element of cognition and this ability in older adults influences their physical functions and psychological health. To address cognitive deficits among older adults, Drs. Chanmi Hwang (Textiles) and Jing Feng (Psychology) conducted an experimental online study with a total of 821 adults aged 60 and older with a customized 3D garment simulation intervention. Paper folding tests were administered before and after exposure to the stimuli and the results showed that the stimuli led to greater training gains in the experimental group. The activity of virtual fitting also brings opportunities for social interaction and increased enjoyment of online shopping experiences and provides insights for apparel retailers, which is significant given that older adults are a major target market due to their high purchasing power. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of Switchable Fluorescent Dyes for the Functional Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy of DNA Nanofiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nSuper-resolution fluorescence microscopy, a Nobel-Prize-winning nanoscopic imaging technique <\/strong>can potentially reveal the interplay of nanoscopic environment and DNA nanofiber packing on gene expression (aka epigenetics). Each human cell nucleus contains 3 billion base pairs of nucleotides (nt) that form DNA nanofibers with a theoretical linear length of 2 meters. To fit into the 10-um size of a nucleus, DNA fibers fold into higher-order chromatin structures and the degree of packing is inversely related to the transcription activity, which fundamentally drives life processes and potentially regulates disease etiology. The ultrastructures and the surrounding environments of DNA nanofiber, which fundamentally underline epigenetics are yet largely unknown. Professor Yang Zhang is working to develop new super-resolution microscopy tools to visualize the nanoscopic functions of DNA and help the epigenetic study of this profound and societally-important biomedical problem. Specifically, his team is designing and synthesizing functional fluorescent DNA labels that are tailor-designed for super-resolution microscopy to highlight individual DNA fibers and outline the nanoscale architecture it resides in live cells. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Evaporation-Driven Power Generators<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nThomas Schroeder<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHarvesting electricity from the evaporation of sweat<\/strong> is one possible approach to powering wearable electronic devices. Evaporation can drive the movement of water within micro- and nano-porous materials such as textiles. If the textile surfaces are sufficiently charged, this flow can give rise to usable or storable electrical energy in the form of so-called \u201cstreaming currents.\u201d Professor Tom Schroeder and his team are working to develop power generation schemes to situate in apparel, where water from sweat can already be found evaporating. This approach belongs to a family of techniques that take advantage of gradients and flows that already exist in the environment to generate electricity without consuming additional resources. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nNovel Textile-based Wearable Systems for Human-Machine Interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHuman-machine interfaces<\/strong> are one of the most critical emerging technologies identified by the federal government as particularly important to national security. Unlike conventional interfaces that are typically made of hard materials and can be uncomfortable to use, textile-based interfaces, on the other hand, are soft, flexible, and conformable to the user\u2019s body or clothing, and offer new possibilities for sensing and actuation. But designing high-experience and human-centered smart wearable devices poses fundamental challenges (materials and fabrication, noise and interference, and so on) that have not been solved by existing approaches. Professors Rong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West are collaborating across disciplines to help overcome these challenges by developing a novel embroidery-based paradigm, predictive models with high accuracy, and system-level integration and applications. Innovation in this emerging area fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of the Wilson College, and it positions us as a global wearable research partner for the long term. (April 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of a Super-resolution Optical Imaging Method to Quantify Cell-cell Junction Tightness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang, and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIntegrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Metal-complexable dyes of diverse chemistries <\/strong>are being explored by Professor Tova N. Williams <\/a>and her research team as potential PPD hair dye replacements. Currently used PPD hair dyes contain potent skin sensitizers that can induce severe allergic reactions in individuals. Given that millions of individuals opt to utilize these dyes, it is imperative to seek alternatives that are efficacious, so they are more likely to replace PPD hair dyes. PPD hair dyes are efficacious (and the most popular), because of their in situ<\/em> formation in hair during application as the result of an oxidation reaction of PPD and precursors such as resorcinol. Indeed, the precursors will couple and form indo dyes that are oligomeric (dimers, trimers, etc.) and not easily desorbed from the hair during washing, rendering them \u201cpermanent.\u201d Hence, we have studied metal-complexable dyes known to display affinity toward nylon and wool at high temperature (90-100 o<\/sup>C) for their feasibility to form under milder temperature conditions in situ<\/em> in human hair. As a major result, Professor Williams\u2019s team has found that the dyes form 1:2 dye:metal complexes at 40C in human hair within 5 min of application using environmentally benign metal ions such as Al3+<\/sup>, which in turn enhances their durability to washing or permanence. (March 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeveloping a Conductive Fibrous Scaffold with Electrical Feedback Capability<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck and Amanda Mills<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeveloping a fibrous conductive material with electrical feedback capabilities<\/strong> will enable Drs. Jessica M. Gluck and Amanda Mills to study the effects of cardiac rhythm disorders in vitro at a cellular level. Currently, it is estimated more than 16.5 million people in the US suffer from a cardiac rhythm disorder, or a disruption in the normal electrical conduction governing the synchronous beating of your heart. This new conductive material will enable us to better understand how that synchronous beating rhythm is established in the developing heart by providing real-time electrical feedback based on individual cell\u2019s beating behavior. We will also be able to \u201cpace\u201d cells using this system. This research yields foundational insights into rhythm disorder development, paving the way for durable treatment interventions to correct arrhythmias. (February 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nModeling and Deactivating Aerosolized Pathogens<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Jessica M. Gluck, Warren Jasper, and Frank Scholle<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nLimited research and a lack of scientific understanding into the modes of transmission of pathogens on soft surfaces<\/strong>, as evidenced by the recent COVID19 pandemic, has led to poor public health outcomes and policies in the US and by the WHO. While vector and vehicle transmissions (soft surfaces and air) are the two major modes of transmission of pathogens, a fundamental understanding (i.e. predictive models) of vehicle transmission is not currently available. Drs. Mathur, Jasper, Gluck and Scholle are working together to evaluate the role of textiles in both the spread and capture of pathogens, deactivate these aerosolized pathogens, and develop effective strategies in combating their growth and transmission. Textiles, they assert, are an underutilized pivotal asset for advancing global health and preventing the spread of future epidemics and pandemics. (February 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nStructural Modification of Natural Dyes to Enhance Their Uptake on Hydrophobic Fibers Using Waterless Dyeing Methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nTova Williams<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nStructural modification of natural dyes<\/strong> is being explored by Professor Tova N. Williams to enhance their uptake on hydrophobic fibers such as polyester using waterless dyeing methods (e.g., supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing). This research is of interest, because there remains a need for environmentally friendly\/sustainable solutions for the dyeing of textiles including methods that reduce or eliminate wastewater generated. Natural dyes have been recently heavily investigated for their potential to replace synthetic dyes in textile dyeing processes. However, there are practical limitations to utilizing the dyes in this respect, especially in waterless dyeing processes. Many natural dyes are glycosides, meaning they contain a sugar moiety attached to the dye chromogen. This attribute renders the dyes hydrophilic and less likely to be soluble in a nonaqueous medium and less likely to display affinity toward hydrophobic fibers. Consequently, structural modifications are necessary to enhance their hydrophobic character. Hence, Professor Williams\u2019 research team is currently exploring different strategies to modify natural dyes and enhance their hydrophobicity including the use of enzymatic methods. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Virtual Simulation for Enhancing Older Adults\u2019 Spatial Visualization Skills<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nChanmi Gloria Hwang<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D virtual simulation stimuli <\/strong>can enhance older adults\u2019 spatial visualization skills. Spatial visualization is an important element of cognition and this ability in older adults influences their physical functions and psychological health. To address cognitive deficits among older adults, Drs. Chanmi Hwang (Textiles) and Jing Feng (Psychology) conducted an experimental online study with a total of 821 adults aged 60 and older with a customized 3D garment simulation intervention. Paper folding tests were administered before and after exposure to the stimuli and the results showed that the stimuli led to greater training gains in the experimental group. The activity of virtual fitting also brings opportunities for social interaction and increased enjoyment of online shopping experiences and provides insights for apparel retailers, which is significant given that older adults are a major target market due to their high purchasing power. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of Switchable Fluorescent Dyes for the Functional Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy of DNA Nanofiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nSuper-resolution fluorescence microscopy, a Nobel-Prize-winning nanoscopic imaging technique <\/strong>can potentially reveal the interplay of nanoscopic environment and DNA nanofiber packing on gene expression (aka epigenetics). Each human cell nucleus contains 3 billion base pairs of nucleotides (nt) that form DNA nanofibers with a theoretical linear length of 2 meters. To fit into the 10-um size of a nucleus, DNA fibers fold into higher-order chromatin structures and the degree of packing is inversely related to the transcription activity, which fundamentally drives life processes and potentially regulates disease etiology. The ultrastructures and the surrounding environments of DNA nanofiber, which fundamentally underline epigenetics are yet largely unknown. Professor Yang Zhang is working to develop new super-resolution microscopy tools to visualize the nanoscopic functions of DNA and help the epigenetic study of this profound and societally-important biomedical problem. Specifically, his team is designing and synthesizing functional fluorescent DNA labels that are tailor-designed for super-resolution microscopy to highlight individual DNA fibers and outline the nanoscale architecture it resides in live cells. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Evaporation-Driven Power Generators<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nThomas Schroeder<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHarvesting electricity from the evaporation of sweat<\/strong> is one possible approach to powering wearable electronic devices. Evaporation can drive the movement of water within micro- and nano-porous materials such as textiles. If the textile surfaces are sufficiently charged, this flow can give rise to usable or storable electrical energy in the form of so-called \u201cstreaming currents.\u201d Professor Tom Schroeder and his team are working to develop power generation schemes to situate in apparel, where water from sweat can already be found evaporating. This approach belongs to a family of techniques that take advantage of gradients and flows that already exist in the environment to generate electricity without consuming additional resources. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nNovel Textile-based Wearable Systems for Human-Machine Interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHuman-machine interfaces<\/strong> are one of the most critical emerging technologies identified by the federal government as particularly important to national security. Unlike conventional interfaces that are typically made of hard materials and can be uncomfortable to use, textile-based interfaces, on the other hand, are soft, flexible, and conformable to the user\u2019s body or clothing, and offer new possibilities for sensing and actuation. But designing high-experience and human-centered smart wearable devices poses fundamental challenges (materials and fabrication, noise and interference, and so on) that have not been solved by existing approaches. Professors Rong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West are collaborating across disciplines to help overcome these challenges by developing a novel embroidery-based paradigm, predictive models with high accuracy, and system-level integration and applications. Innovation in this emerging area fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of the Wilson College, and it positions us as a global wearable research partner for the long term. (April 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of a Super-resolution Optical Imaging Method to Quantify Cell-cell Junction Tightness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang, and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIntegrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Developing a fibrous conductive material with electrical feedback capabilities<\/strong> will enable Drs. Jessica M. Gluck and Amanda Mills to study the effects of cardiac rhythm disorders in vitro at a cellular level. Currently, it is estimated more than 16.5 million people in the US suffer from a cardiac rhythm disorder, or a disruption in the normal electrical conduction governing the synchronous beating of your heart. This new conductive material will enable us to better understand how that synchronous beating rhythm is established in the developing heart by providing real-time electrical feedback based on individual cell\u2019s beating behavior. We will also be able to \u201cpace\u201d cells using this system. This research yields foundational insights into rhythm disorder development, paving the way for durable treatment interventions to correct arrhythmias. (February 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nModeling and Deactivating Aerosolized Pathogens<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Jessica M. Gluck, Warren Jasper, and Frank Scholle<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nLimited research and a lack of scientific understanding into the modes of transmission of pathogens on soft surfaces<\/strong>, as evidenced by the recent COVID19 pandemic, has led to poor public health outcomes and policies in the US and by the WHO. While vector and vehicle transmissions (soft surfaces and air) are the two major modes of transmission of pathogens, a fundamental understanding (i.e. predictive models) of vehicle transmission is not currently available. Drs. Mathur, Jasper, Gluck and Scholle are working together to evaluate the role of textiles in both the spread and capture of pathogens, deactivate these aerosolized pathogens, and develop effective strategies in combating their growth and transmission. Textiles, they assert, are an underutilized pivotal asset for advancing global health and preventing the spread of future epidemics and pandemics. (February 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nStructural Modification of Natural Dyes to Enhance Their Uptake on Hydrophobic Fibers Using Waterless Dyeing Methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nTova Williams<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nStructural modification of natural dyes<\/strong> is being explored by Professor Tova N. Williams to enhance their uptake on hydrophobic fibers such as polyester using waterless dyeing methods (e.g., supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing). This research is of interest, because there remains a need for environmentally friendly\/sustainable solutions for the dyeing of textiles including methods that reduce or eliminate wastewater generated. Natural dyes have been recently heavily investigated for their potential to replace synthetic dyes in textile dyeing processes. However, there are practical limitations to utilizing the dyes in this respect, especially in waterless dyeing processes. Many natural dyes are glycosides, meaning they contain a sugar moiety attached to the dye chromogen. This attribute renders the dyes hydrophilic and less likely to be soluble in a nonaqueous medium and less likely to display affinity toward hydrophobic fibers. Consequently, structural modifications are necessary to enhance their hydrophobic character. Hence, Professor Williams\u2019 research team is currently exploring different strategies to modify natural dyes and enhance their hydrophobicity including the use of enzymatic methods. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Virtual Simulation for Enhancing Older Adults\u2019 Spatial Visualization Skills<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nChanmi Gloria Hwang<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D virtual simulation stimuli <\/strong>can enhance older adults\u2019 spatial visualization skills. Spatial visualization is an important element of cognition and this ability in older adults influences their physical functions and psychological health. To address cognitive deficits among older adults, Drs. Chanmi Hwang (Textiles) and Jing Feng (Psychology) conducted an experimental online study with a total of 821 adults aged 60 and older with a customized 3D garment simulation intervention. Paper folding tests were administered before and after exposure to the stimuli and the results showed that the stimuli led to greater training gains in the experimental group. The activity of virtual fitting also brings opportunities for social interaction and increased enjoyment of online shopping experiences and provides insights for apparel retailers, which is significant given that older adults are a major target market due to their high purchasing power. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of Switchable Fluorescent Dyes for the Functional Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy of DNA Nanofiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nSuper-resolution fluorescence microscopy, a Nobel-Prize-winning nanoscopic imaging technique <\/strong>can potentially reveal the interplay of nanoscopic environment and DNA nanofiber packing on gene expression (aka epigenetics). Each human cell nucleus contains 3 billion base pairs of nucleotides (nt) that form DNA nanofibers with a theoretical linear length of 2 meters. To fit into the 10-um size of a nucleus, DNA fibers fold into higher-order chromatin structures and the degree of packing is inversely related to the transcription activity, which fundamentally drives life processes and potentially regulates disease etiology. The ultrastructures and the surrounding environments of DNA nanofiber, which fundamentally underline epigenetics are yet largely unknown. Professor Yang Zhang is working to develop new super-resolution microscopy tools to visualize the nanoscopic functions of DNA and help the epigenetic study of this profound and societally-important biomedical problem. Specifically, his team is designing and synthesizing functional fluorescent DNA labels that are tailor-designed for super-resolution microscopy to highlight individual DNA fibers and outline the nanoscale architecture it resides in live cells. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Evaporation-Driven Power Generators<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nThomas Schroeder<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHarvesting electricity from the evaporation of sweat<\/strong> is one possible approach to powering wearable electronic devices. Evaporation can drive the movement of water within micro- and nano-porous materials such as textiles. If the textile surfaces are sufficiently charged, this flow can give rise to usable or storable electrical energy in the form of so-called \u201cstreaming currents.\u201d Professor Tom Schroeder and his team are working to develop power generation schemes to situate in apparel, where water from sweat can already be found evaporating. This approach belongs to a family of techniques that take advantage of gradients and flows that already exist in the environment to generate electricity without consuming additional resources. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nNovel Textile-based Wearable Systems for Human-Machine Interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHuman-machine interfaces<\/strong> are one of the most critical emerging technologies identified by the federal government as particularly important to national security. Unlike conventional interfaces that are typically made of hard materials and can be uncomfortable to use, textile-based interfaces, on the other hand, are soft, flexible, and conformable to the user\u2019s body or clothing, and offer new possibilities for sensing and actuation. But designing high-experience and human-centered smart wearable devices poses fundamental challenges (materials and fabrication, noise and interference, and so on) that have not been solved by existing approaches. Professors Rong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West are collaborating across disciplines to help overcome these challenges by developing a novel embroidery-based paradigm, predictive models with high accuracy, and system-level integration and applications. Innovation in this emerging area fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of the Wilson College, and it positions us as a global wearable research partner for the long term. (April 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of a Super-resolution Optical Imaging Method to Quantify Cell-cell Junction Tightness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang, and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIntegrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Limited research and a lack of scientific understanding into the modes of transmission of pathogens on soft surfaces<\/strong>, as evidenced by the recent COVID19 pandemic, has led to poor public health outcomes and policies in the US and by the WHO. While vector and vehicle transmissions (soft surfaces and air) are the two major modes of transmission of pathogens, a fundamental understanding (i.e. predictive models) of vehicle transmission is not currently available. Drs. Mathur, Jasper, Gluck and Scholle are working together to evaluate the role of textiles in both the spread and capture of pathogens, deactivate these aerosolized pathogens, and develop effective strategies in combating their growth and transmission. Textiles, they assert, are an underutilized pivotal asset for advancing global health and preventing the spread of future epidemics and pandemics. (February 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\nStructural Modification of Natural Dyes to Enhance Their Uptake on Hydrophobic Fibers Using Waterless Dyeing Methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nTova Williams<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nStructural modification of natural dyes<\/strong> is being explored by Professor Tova N. Williams to enhance their uptake on hydrophobic fibers such as polyester using waterless dyeing methods (e.g., supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing). This research is of interest, because there remains a need for environmentally friendly\/sustainable solutions for the dyeing of textiles including methods that reduce or eliminate wastewater generated. Natural dyes have been recently heavily investigated for their potential to replace synthetic dyes in textile dyeing processes. However, there are practical limitations to utilizing the dyes in this respect, especially in waterless dyeing processes. Many natural dyes are glycosides, meaning they contain a sugar moiety attached to the dye chromogen. This attribute renders the dyes hydrophilic and less likely to be soluble in a nonaqueous medium and less likely to display affinity toward hydrophobic fibers. Consequently, structural modifications are necessary to enhance their hydrophobic character. Hence, Professor Williams\u2019 research team is currently exploring different strategies to modify natural dyes and enhance their hydrophobicity including the use of enzymatic methods. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Virtual Simulation for Enhancing Older Adults\u2019 Spatial Visualization Skills<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nChanmi Gloria Hwang<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D virtual simulation stimuli <\/strong>can enhance older adults\u2019 spatial visualization skills. Spatial visualization is an important element of cognition and this ability in older adults influences their physical functions and psychological health. To address cognitive deficits among older adults, Drs. Chanmi Hwang (Textiles) and Jing Feng (Psychology) conducted an experimental online study with a total of 821 adults aged 60 and older with a customized 3D garment simulation intervention. Paper folding tests were administered before and after exposure to the stimuli and the results showed that the stimuli led to greater training gains in the experimental group. The activity of virtual fitting also brings opportunities for social interaction and increased enjoyment of online shopping experiences and provides insights for apparel retailers, which is significant given that older adults are a major target market due to their high purchasing power. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of Switchable Fluorescent Dyes for the Functional Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy of DNA Nanofiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nSuper-resolution fluorescence microscopy, a Nobel-Prize-winning nanoscopic imaging technique <\/strong>can potentially reveal the interplay of nanoscopic environment and DNA nanofiber packing on gene expression (aka epigenetics). Each human cell nucleus contains 3 billion base pairs of nucleotides (nt) that form DNA nanofibers with a theoretical linear length of 2 meters. To fit into the 10-um size of a nucleus, DNA fibers fold into higher-order chromatin structures and the degree of packing is inversely related to the transcription activity, which fundamentally drives life processes and potentially regulates disease etiology. The ultrastructures and the surrounding environments of DNA nanofiber, which fundamentally underline epigenetics are yet largely unknown. Professor Yang Zhang is working to develop new super-resolution microscopy tools to visualize the nanoscopic functions of DNA and help the epigenetic study of this profound and societally-important biomedical problem. Specifically, his team is designing and synthesizing functional fluorescent DNA labels that are tailor-designed for super-resolution microscopy to highlight individual DNA fibers and outline the nanoscale architecture it resides in live cells. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Evaporation-Driven Power Generators<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nThomas Schroeder<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHarvesting electricity from the evaporation of sweat<\/strong> is one possible approach to powering wearable electronic devices. Evaporation can drive the movement of water within micro- and nano-porous materials such as textiles. If the textile surfaces are sufficiently charged, this flow can give rise to usable or storable electrical energy in the form of so-called \u201cstreaming currents.\u201d Professor Tom Schroeder and his team are working to develop power generation schemes to situate in apparel, where water from sweat can already be found evaporating. This approach belongs to a family of techniques that take advantage of gradients and flows that already exist in the environment to generate electricity without consuming additional resources. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nNovel Textile-based Wearable Systems for Human-Machine Interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHuman-machine interfaces<\/strong> are one of the most critical emerging technologies identified by the federal government as particularly important to national security. Unlike conventional interfaces that are typically made of hard materials and can be uncomfortable to use, textile-based interfaces, on the other hand, are soft, flexible, and conformable to the user\u2019s body or clothing, and offer new possibilities for sensing and actuation. But designing high-experience and human-centered smart wearable devices poses fundamental challenges (materials and fabrication, noise and interference, and so on) that have not been solved by existing approaches. Professors Rong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West are collaborating across disciplines to help overcome these challenges by developing a novel embroidery-based paradigm, predictive models with high accuracy, and system-level integration and applications. Innovation in this emerging area fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of the Wilson College, and it positions us as a global wearable research partner for the long term. (April 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of a Super-resolution Optical Imaging Method to Quantify Cell-cell Junction Tightness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang, and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIntegrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Structural modification of natural dyes<\/strong> is being explored by Professor Tova N. Williams to enhance their uptake on hydrophobic fibers such as polyester using waterless dyeing methods (e.g., supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing). This research is of interest, because there remains a need for environmentally friendly\/sustainable solutions for the dyeing of textiles including methods that reduce or eliminate wastewater generated. Natural dyes have been recently heavily investigated for their potential to replace synthetic dyes in textile dyeing processes. However, there are practical limitations to utilizing the dyes in this respect, especially in waterless dyeing processes. Many natural dyes are glycosides, meaning they contain a sugar moiety attached to the dye chromogen. This attribute renders the dyes hydrophilic and less likely to be soluble in a nonaqueous medium and less likely to display affinity toward hydrophobic fibers. Consequently, structural modifications are necessary to enhance their hydrophobic character. Hence, Professor Williams\u2019 research team is currently exploring different strategies to modify natural dyes and enhance their hydrophobicity including the use of enzymatic methods. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Virtual Simulation for Enhancing Older Adults\u2019 Spatial Visualization Skills<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nChanmi Gloria Hwang<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D virtual simulation stimuli <\/strong>can enhance older adults\u2019 spatial visualization skills. Spatial visualization is an important element of cognition and this ability in older adults influences their physical functions and psychological health. To address cognitive deficits among older adults, Drs. Chanmi Hwang (Textiles) and Jing Feng (Psychology) conducted an experimental online study with a total of 821 adults aged 60 and older with a customized 3D garment simulation intervention. Paper folding tests were administered before and after exposure to the stimuli and the results showed that the stimuli led to greater training gains in the experimental group. The activity of virtual fitting also brings opportunities for social interaction and increased enjoyment of online shopping experiences and provides insights for apparel retailers, which is significant given that older adults are a major target market due to their high purchasing power. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of Switchable Fluorescent Dyes for the Functional Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy of DNA Nanofiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nSuper-resolution fluorescence microscopy, a Nobel-Prize-winning nanoscopic imaging technique <\/strong>can potentially reveal the interplay of nanoscopic environment and DNA nanofiber packing on gene expression (aka epigenetics). Each human cell nucleus contains 3 billion base pairs of nucleotides (nt) that form DNA nanofibers with a theoretical linear length of 2 meters. To fit into the 10-um size of a nucleus, DNA fibers fold into higher-order chromatin structures and the degree of packing is inversely related to the transcription activity, which fundamentally drives life processes and potentially regulates disease etiology. The ultrastructures and the surrounding environments of DNA nanofiber, which fundamentally underline epigenetics are yet largely unknown. Professor Yang Zhang is working to develop new super-resolution microscopy tools to visualize the nanoscopic functions of DNA and help the epigenetic study of this profound and societally-important biomedical problem. Specifically, his team is designing and synthesizing functional fluorescent DNA labels that are tailor-designed for super-resolution microscopy to highlight individual DNA fibers and outline the nanoscale architecture it resides in live cells. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Evaporation-Driven Power Generators<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nThomas Schroeder<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHarvesting electricity from the evaporation of sweat<\/strong> is one possible approach to powering wearable electronic devices. Evaporation can drive the movement of water within micro- and nano-porous materials such as textiles. If the textile surfaces are sufficiently charged, this flow can give rise to usable or storable electrical energy in the form of so-called \u201cstreaming currents.\u201d Professor Tom Schroeder and his team are working to develop power generation schemes to situate in apparel, where water from sweat can already be found evaporating. This approach belongs to a family of techniques that take advantage of gradients and flows that already exist in the environment to generate electricity without consuming additional resources. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nNovel Textile-based Wearable Systems for Human-Machine Interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHuman-machine interfaces<\/strong> are one of the most critical emerging technologies identified by the federal government as particularly important to national security. Unlike conventional interfaces that are typically made of hard materials and can be uncomfortable to use, textile-based interfaces, on the other hand, are soft, flexible, and conformable to the user\u2019s body or clothing, and offer new possibilities for sensing and actuation. But designing high-experience and human-centered smart wearable devices poses fundamental challenges (materials and fabrication, noise and interference, and so on) that have not been solved by existing approaches. Professors Rong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West are collaborating across disciplines to help overcome these challenges by developing a novel embroidery-based paradigm, predictive models with high accuracy, and system-level integration and applications. Innovation in this emerging area fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of the Wilson College, and it positions us as a global wearable research partner for the long term. (April 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of a Super-resolution Optical Imaging Method to Quantify Cell-cell Junction Tightness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang, and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIntegrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3D virtual simulation stimuli <\/strong>can enhance older adults\u2019 spatial visualization skills. Spatial visualization is an important element of cognition and this ability in older adults influences their physical functions and psychological health. To address cognitive deficits among older adults, Drs. Chanmi Hwang (Textiles) and Jing Feng (Psychology) conducted an experimental online study with a total of 821 adults aged 60 and older with a customized 3D garment simulation intervention. Paper folding tests were administered before and after exposure to the stimuli and the results showed that the stimuli led to greater training gains in the experimental group. The activity of virtual fitting also brings opportunities for social interaction and increased enjoyment of online shopping experiences and provides insights for apparel retailers, which is significant given that older adults are a major target market due to their high purchasing power. (October 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of Switchable Fluorescent Dyes for the Functional Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy of DNA Nanofiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nSuper-resolution fluorescence microscopy, a Nobel-Prize-winning nanoscopic imaging technique <\/strong>can potentially reveal the interplay of nanoscopic environment and DNA nanofiber packing on gene expression (aka epigenetics). Each human cell nucleus contains 3 billion base pairs of nucleotides (nt) that form DNA nanofibers with a theoretical linear length of 2 meters. To fit into the 10-um size of a nucleus, DNA fibers fold into higher-order chromatin structures and the degree of packing is inversely related to the transcription activity, which fundamentally drives life processes and potentially regulates disease etiology. The ultrastructures and the surrounding environments of DNA nanofiber, which fundamentally underline epigenetics are yet largely unknown. Professor Yang Zhang is working to develop new super-resolution microscopy tools to visualize the nanoscopic functions of DNA and help the epigenetic study of this profound and societally-important biomedical problem. Specifically, his team is designing and synthesizing functional fluorescent DNA labels that are tailor-designed for super-resolution microscopy to highlight individual DNA fibers and outline the nanoscale architecture it resides in live cells. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Evaporation-Driven Power Generators<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nThomas Schroeder<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHarvesting electricity from the evaporation of sweat<\/strong> is one possible approach to powering wearable electronic devices. Evaporation can drive the movement of water within micro- and nano-porous materials such as textiles. If the textile surfaces are sufficiently charged, this flow can give rise to usable or storable electrical energy in the form of so-called \u201cstreaming currents.\u201d Professor Tom Schroeder and his team are working to develop power generation schemes to situate in apparel, where water from sweat can already be found evaporating. This approach belongs to a family of techniques that take advantage of gradients and flows that already exist in the environment to generate electricity without consuming additional resources. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nNovel Textile-based Wearable Systems for Human-Machine Interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHuman-machine interfaces<\/strong> are one of the most critical emerging technologies identified by the federal government as particularly important to national security. Unlike conventional interfaces that are typically made of hard materials and can be uncomfortable to use, textile-based interfaces, on the other hand, are soft, flexible, and conformable to the user\u2019s body or clothing, and offer new possibilities for sensing and actuation. But designing high-experience and human-centered smart wearable devices poses fundamental challenges (materials and fabrication, noise and interference, and so on) that have not been solved by existing approaches. Professors Rong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West are collaborating across disciplines to help overcome these challenges by developing a novel embroidery-based paradigm, predictive models with high accuracy, and system-level integration and applications. Innovation in this emerging area fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of the Wilson College, and it positions us as a global wearable research partner for the long term. (April 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of a Super-resolution Optical Imaging Method to Quantify Cell-cell Junction Tightness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang, and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIntegrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, a Nobel-Prize-winning nanoscopic imaging technique <\/strong>can potentially reveal the interplay of nanoscopic environment and DNA nanofiber packing on gene expression (aka epigenetics). Each human cell nucleus contains 3 billion base pairs of nucleotides (nt) that form DNA nanofibers with a theoretical linear length of 2 meters. To fit into the 10-um size of a nucleus, DNA fibers fold into higher-order chromatin structures and the degree of packing is inversely related to the transcription activity, which fundamentally drives life processes and potentially regulates disease etiology. The ultrastructures and the surrounding environments of DNA nanofiber, which fundamentally underline epigenetics are yet largely unknown. Professor Yang Zhang is working to develop new super-resolution microscopy tools to visualize the nanoscopic functions of DNA and help the epigenetic study of this profound and societally-important biomedical problem. Specifically, his team is designing and synthesizing functional fluorescent DNA labels that are tailor-designed for super-resolution microscopy to highlight individual DNA fibers and outline the nanoscale architecture it resides in live cells. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Evaporation-Driven Power Generators<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nThomas Schroeder<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHarvesting electricity from the evaporation of sweat<\/strong> is one possible approach to powering wearable electronic devices. Evaporation can drive the movement of water within micro- and nano-porous materials such as textiles. If the textile surfaces are sufficiently charged, this flow can give rise to usable or storable electrical energy in the form of so-called \u201cstreaming currents.\u201d Professor Tom Schroeder and his team are working to develop power generation schemes to situate in apparel, where water from sweat can already be found evaporating. This approach belongs to a family of techniques that take advantage of gradients and flows that already exist in the environment to generate electricity without consuming additional resources. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nNovel Textile-based Wearable Systems for Human-Machine Interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHuman-machine interfaces<\/strong> are one of the most critical emerging technologies identified by the federal government as particularly important to national security. Unlike conventional interfaces that are typically made of hard materials and can be uncomfortable to use, textile-based interfaces, on the other hand, are soft, flexible, and conformable to the user\u2019s body or clothing, and offer new possibilities for sensing and actuation. But designing high-experience and human-centered smart wearable devices poses fundamental challenges (materials and fabrication, noise and interference, and so on) that have not been solved by existing approaches. Professors Rong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West are collaborating across disciplines to help overcome these challenges by developing a novel embroidery-based paradigm, predictive models with high accuracy, and system-level integration and applications. Innovation in this emerging area fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of the Wilson College, and it positions us as a global wearable research partner for the long term. (April 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of a Super-resolution Optical Imaging Method to Quantify Cell-cell Junction Tightness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang, and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIntegrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Harvesting electricity from the evaporation of sweat<\/strong> is one possible approach to powering wearable electronic devices. Evaporation can drive the movement of water within micro- and nano-porous materials such as textiles. If the textile surfaces are sufficiently charged, this flow can give rise to usable or storable electrical energy in the form of so-called \u201cstreaming currents.\u201d Professor Tom Schroeder and his team are working to develop power generation schemes to situate in apparel, where water from sweat can already be found evaporating. This approach belongs to a family of techniques that take advantage of gradients and flows that already exist in the environment to generate electricity without consuming additional resources. (July 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nNovel Textile-based Wearable Systems for Human-Machine Interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHuman-machine interfaces<\/strong> are one of the most critical emerging technologies identified by the federal government as particularly important to national security. Unlike conventional interfaces that are typically made of hard materials and can be uncomfortable to use, textile-based interfaces, on the other hand, are soft, flexible, and conformable to the user\u2019s body or clothing, and offer new possibilities for sensing and actuation. But designing high-experience and human-centered smart wearable devices poses fundamental challenges (materials and fabrication, noise and interference, and so on) that have not been solved by existing approaches. Professors Rong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West are collaborating across disciplines to help overcome these challenges by developing a novel embroidery-based paradigm, predictive models with high accuracy, and system-level integration and applications. Innovation in this emerging area fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of the Wilson College, and it positions us as a global wearable research partner for the long term. (April 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of a Super-resolution Optical Imaging Method to Quantify Cell-cell Junction Tightness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang, and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIntegrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Human-machine interfaces<\/strong> are one of the most critical emerging technologies identified by the federal government as particularly important to national security. Unlike conventional interfaces that are typically made of hard materials and can be uncomfortable to use, textile-based interfaces, on the other hand, are soft, flexible, and conformable to the user\u2019s body or clothing, and offer new possibilities for sensing and actuation. But designing high-experience and human-centered smart wearable devices poses fundamental challenges (materials and fabrication, noise and interference, and so on) that have not been solved by existing approaches. Professors Rong Yin, Kristin Thoney-Barletta, Amanda Mills, Warren Jasper, Yang Liu, and Andre West are collaborating across disciplines to help overcome these challenges by developing a novel embroidery-based paradigm, predictive models with high accuracy, and system-level integration and applications. Innovation in this emerging area fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of the Wilson College, and it positions us as a global wearable research partner for the long term. (April 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDevelopment of a Super-resolution Optical Imaging Method to Quantify Cell-cell Junction Tightness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nYang Zhang, and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIntegrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Integrating new nanoscopic imaging technologies and biomedical textiles <\/strong>can potentially provide a theragnostic platform for treating Glaucoma \u2013 a globally leading eye disease causing blindness. Currently, 12.7 million patients are waiting for corneal transplantation, one of the major treatments for severe Glaucoma, while only 1 in 70 of the needs are covered because of the limited corneal donor. Professors Yang Zhang and Jessica M. Gluck are working together to develop a rapid nanoscopic imaging platform to study and validate the nanoscopic functions of biomedical textiles-incorporated tissue-engineered constructs to serve as artificial cornea. This new platform offers an unprecedented opportunity to translate biomedical textiles into invaluable materials for human health. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHydrogel Fibers for Functional Textiles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Hydrogels have unique responsive volume change and ionic conductivity capabilities<\/strong> that have led to their use for biomolecular separations, ionic circuitry, and stimuli-responsive actuators. Incorporating hydrogels into knit and woven technologies as fibers would open up a large design space of advanced textiles. Drs. Xiaomeng Fang, Jialong Shen, Thomas Schroeder, and Sonja Salmon are collaborating to develop new formulations and extrusion setups that overcome prior hydrogel limitations to achieve the required properties for machine processing as fibers. The physically robust hydrogel textiles developed will be tested for multifunctionality in selected applications, including as a host medium for enzymatic CO2<\/sub> capture, and as future textile actuators. (January 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSewability Assessment of Conductive Yarns on Industrial Sewing Equipment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nHighly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Highly conductive yarns<\/strong> open promising future for advanced functional textiles, but textile industry has been struggling with its processability. Dr. Minyoung Suh and her team evaluate the sewability of conductive yarns<\/strong> for engineered manufacturing of sewn and embroidered e-textiles. Numerous commercial conductive yarns were investigated under diverse sewing conditions and their sewability was evaluated from multiple sewability issues: bird-nesting, loose stitches, uneven stitches, etc. Sewability models developed by machine learning enable predictions on unknown yarn sewability and suggestions of optimal sewing conditions for best performance. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Commercialization of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAhmed El-Shafei<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPerovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs)<\/strong> are thin-film devices that harvest and convert solar energy into electricity. PSCs are a promising candidate for replacing silicon-based solar cells because of their simpler manufacturing process and lower cost. One of the major challenges that limit their commercialization is the instability of their components in air, at high temperature and the high cost of the hole transporting material (HTM) benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Professor Ahmed El-Shafei\u2019s group is working on the development of efficient, photostable and thermally stable HTM for efficient and more stable PSCs to overcome the high cost and time-consuming synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD, which limit their commercial application on a large-scale. Recently, they developed a promising HTM, codedSpiro-IA, that outperformed the benchmark dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost, long-term stability and conductivity. This new development can potentially lead to a new generation of dopant-free HTMs with the primary objective of exceeding PCE of 28% while achieving high photostability and thermal stability. (October 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAccelerating Hemp as a Valuable and Sustainable Domestic Textile Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Rong Yin, Andre West, and David Suchoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDomestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Domestic industrial hemp fiber production for textiles is an exciting opportunity that could help develop hemp as a sustainable new commodity crop for North Carolina, if the fiber can be processed to the right quality.<\/strong> Bottlenecks in selecting, growing and harvesting hemp are being addressed by the agricultural community, but this will not directly solve the critical issue for textiles, which is to obtain hemp fiber of specific controlled lengths. Equally important is the characterization and grading of hemp fiber quality to match staple production requirements. Professors Sonja Salmon, Rong Yin and Andre West (Textiles) and David Suchoff (Crop Sciences) <\/a>are collaborating across campus and externally to help overcome these challenges by developing modern measurement methods, characterization techniques and sustainable processing approaches. Innovation with this \u201cnew\u201d textile fiber matches our focus on sustainability and fits exactly with the fundamental research and education mission of our university. (July 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAuxetic Knitting Fabrics for Comfortable and Durable Military Garments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAuxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Auxetic knitting fabric possesses exceptional extensionality due to its unique fold structure and negative Poisson\u2019s ratio.<\/strong> It shows enormous potentials in the employment of the military operational uniforms, which requires high stretchability. Dr. Andre West and Post-doctoral Research Scholar Dr. Kun Luan are working together with Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc. to design, produce and characterize auxetic fabrics by using Shima Sieki knitting system, finite element analysis software and Instron mechanical testing system. Those fabrics offer an accessible and sustainable approach to be incorporated into the design of comfortable and durable military garments. (May 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-throughput Textile Composting Test Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nComposting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Composting can convert otherwise unusable textile waste into a valuable agricultural resource\u2013if you compost the right materials.<\/strong> Professors Sonja Salmon and Lori Rothenberg are studying both the chemistry and the adoption of compostability assessment as they develop a new high-throughput method. More efficient and accessible testing will increase the number and types of materials considered suitable for industrial composting as an alternative to landfill disposal. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCytotoxicity evaluation of PFAS exposure related to firefighter protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck, R. Bryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used for repellant textiles.<\/strong> While the large polymeric backbones should not pose significant health risks, the degradation or loss of the fluorinated side-chains through use and exposure to environmental stressors is a significant concern. This is of particular concern for firefighters, whose turnout gear find detectable levels of PFAS as exposure as materials burn, meaning this population is exposed to much higher concentrations for extended periods of time. At a cellular level, PFAS can alter membrane activity and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can lead to an elevated incidence of malignant cancers. In this project, Professors Jessica M. Gluck and R. Bryan Ormond aim to establish a sustainable long-term collaboration between our respective works in cellular biology and textile performance for firefighters to evaluate the unique risk posed by firefighter turnout gear. They believe this will lead to significant work to determine not only how PFAS exposure leads to increased incidences of cancer, but how to leverage that knowledge to develop better, more protective firefighter gear. (April 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning for Detecting Dermatological Issues and Certain Skin Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDeep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Deep Learning models are increasingly used to solve an array of industrial, clinical and other challenging problems.<\/strong> They have found several applications in the field of imaging and computer vision. Professor Renzo Shamey and his team are examining the application of deep learning algorithms to detect dermatological issues and certain skin diseases (such as melanoma, psoriasis etc.). After obtaining\/generating a suitable database, images are analyzed and classified, the diseased area are segmented, and the colorimetric information of segmented images are extracted. This approach could facilitate accurate and effective communication of disease features among physicians and specialists to improve diagnosis. (February 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nConverting Waste Textiles to Valuable Recyclable Fibers and Renewable Fuel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon, Nelson Vinueza, Doug Call<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMake the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Make the circular economy happen by converting waste textiles to valuable recyclable fibers and renewable fuel.<\/strong> Around 11 million tons of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) are disposed of in U.S. landfills annually. This waste contains complex blends of natural and synthetic fibers that are difficult to mechanically separate, as well as dyes and other chemicals that interfere with reuse. By using mild enzymatic and microbial methods, Professors Sonja Salmon and Nelson Vinueza (Textiles) and Doug Call (Environmental Engineering) are collaborating to divert PCTW from landfills by recovering cleaned non-degraded synthetic fibers from pumpable slurries of degraded natural fibers that can then be converted to biofuel by anaerobic digestion, while tracking the fate of chemical residuals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInnovative and Resilient Defense Industrial Ecosystem for Smart Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The North Carolina Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program (NC DMCSP) is an innovative and resilient defense industrial ecosystem for smart textiles in NC.<\/strong> Funded by the Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation, Professor Andre West and his team collaborated with Industrial Extension Service to establish NC DMCSP to help small and medium-sized manufacturers become aware of, and explore the use of new technologies in their manufacturing processes. Such a digital transformation not only increases visibility and transparency in supply chains but also increases worker safety through semi or fully autonomous work cells, increases remote access to machines and monitoring systems, and expedites prototypes and testing of new designs or materials. The NC DMCSP Consortium currently consists of 18 partners that comprise five partnership organizations aligned to stated goals. (January 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n3D Printing for Fiber-reinforced Composites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAbdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur, S.M. Fijul Kabir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3D Printing (3DP) is an emerging technology that provide effective in developing complex 3D structures in layer-by-layer fashion with unlimited design flexibilities, customization, rapid prototyping, and automatic fabrication at relatively low cost and time due to reduction in process steps, which are often beyond the capabilities of traditional technologies.<\/strong> Drs. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam, Kavita Mathur and S.M. Fijul Kabir (FPS; graduated spring 2021) have been working on exploring the potential of 3D printing technology in the fiber-reinforced composite area in terms of integration of materials, manufacturing processes and design with various matrix systems and reinforcements. The team is not only investigating the infinite variability and optimum utility in terms of mechanical and physical performance, but also exploring its economical, sustainable and accessible approach of material extrusion based 3DP for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automobile, construction, defense and electronics, in comparison with the traditional technologies. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamination of the Effect of Clothing Color on Perceived Attractiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRenzo Shamey<\/h4>\n\n\n\nColor is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Color is a ubiquitous stimulus that is often considered in terms of its aesthetic qualities. <\/strong>Beyond the aesthetic, perception of color influences the psychological functioning of humans, including feelings, cognition, and behavior. The effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the user is a noteworthy aspect of the human interactions that are currently being investigated by Dr. Renzo Shamey and his team. Interpersonal attraction is one aspect that can be affected by the selected colors. Through an empirical investigation this research seeks to shed some light on the effect of garment colors on the perceived attractiveness of the users and to offer potential theoretical explanations in relation to the role of unique hues, ethnicity, and gender of the observers. (October 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEfficient Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Dyes enhance aesthetics and add commercial values to textile products.<\/strong> However, about one million tons of textile dyes are annually lost to the effluents during dyeing and finishing operations. Most of these dyes escape wastewater treatment process, reach to the environment, and persist for longer period. Presence of dyes in water sources contaminate essential drinking water sources, impair aquatic ecosystem, enter, and climb up food chain. The impact in aquatic ecosystem includes decrease in light penetration through water which directly affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, altering CO2<\/sub> fixation, and causing oxygen deficiency. Besides, many of those dyes such as azo dyes have been found to cause toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Budhathoki-Uprety is developing polymers that can efficiently remove textile dyes from aqueous system. These polymers will have potential for recycling to minimize waste and create a sustainable solution to this lasting environmental problem. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCleaner Production of Woven Textiles via a Size-free Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFor weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
For weaving, warp single yarns have always been temporarily sized to achieve efficient weaving.<\/strong> However, both warp sizing and subsequent fabric desizing add no value to the final fabrics but consume a lot of expensive chemicals, energy, and water, and generate a large amount of wastewater that must undergo an expensive treatment for its safe discharge. To achieve size-free weaving, Dr. Yin is collaborating with Dr. Andre West to develop an advanced spinning technology to substantially improve the yarn performance. Inspired by the plant roots that have several primary branches and multiple secondary branches which hold soil firmly under the ground, a yarn with such hierarchical structure should be able to have excellent fiber security and fiber-to-fiber cohesion that can withstand the high abrasion during weaving. This innovative idea, once successful, will contribute to shortening the conventional production process of transforming staple fibers into woven fabrics, reducing the cost of production, and improving environmental protection. (July 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFree Markets and Individual Freedoms for Both Workers and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMarguerite Moore, Robert Handfield, Tim Kraft<\/h4>\n\n\n\nGlobalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Globalization and unrelenting downward pressure on market prices for apparel have shaped supply chains that are perilous for factory workers in low income countries such as Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. <\/strong>Growing demand for accountability is evident among younger generations of consumers as well as investors. In response western apparel and footwear brands implement codes of conduct in supply chains which can be voluntary or enforced by auditing agencies. The International Labor Organization (ILO) provides broadly accepted standards for labor practices, however interpretation and measurement of ILO rules vary widely among contexts (companies, industries, countries). Prof. Marguerite Moore is collaborating with Prof. Robert Handfield and Tim Kraft in the Poole College of Management to promote free markets and individual freedoms for both workers and consumers. The project is funded ($2.25 million USD) by the Templeton World Charity Foundation for three years (2021-23) and involves collaboration with internal and external academics, apparel and footwear companies at various levels of the supply chain, global labor bodies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives to protect factory workers. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRing Spun Yarns with Supreme Properties And Functionalities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRong Yin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nRing spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ring spinning is a major yarn manufacturing method due to its high yarn quality and flexibility in materials and yarn counts. <\/strong>With the increasing demand of novel features or further improving qualities, many modifications have been developed. Recently, high-performance modified ring spun yarn developed by Prof. Rong Yin and his team has supreme properties and functionalities. The modified yarn is achieved physically in a single step on a ring-spinning machine by changing the yarn structure. Prof. Yin\u2019s team modified the fiber tension and twist distributions in the spinning triangle to better control the fibers. The modified yarn has high strength, low hairiness, and high abrasion resistance. This method is applicable to many fiber types including cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. Fabrics made of these yarns are strong and durable. (April 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nPneumatic-driven Fiber-shaped Robot as Active Scaffolds for Cell Culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The active scaffold refers to the cell-supporting substrate capable of generating periods of mechanical stimulations throughout cell culture, which has been shown to promote cellular growth, differentiation, survival and proliferation, as well as regulate gene expression and ultimately influence cellular function. <\/strong>Professors Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica Gluck are collaborating to develop a 3D pneumatic fiber-shaped scaffold that is able to generate mechanical stimulus with controlled force\/strain\/frequency upon pressure actuation, thus mimicking the microenvironment in vivo and providing fibrous support to cells. The developed devices have great potential in enhancing the current tissue generation technology that has recently emerged as an effective therapy to repair or regenerate damaged or malfunctioned tissues. (January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nAesthetic Impact of Assistive Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, Katherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The use of an assistive device may indicate that one\u2019s health status has changed, potentially eliciting feelings of isolation and stigmatization.<\/strong> Undefined stylistic codes and the lack of aesthetics have contributed to stigmatizing designs in the field of Assistive Technology, resulting in negative outcomes such as abandonment or rejection of the device. While research into the development of assistive devices has focused largely on functionality, this study by Professors Kate Nartker, Anne Porterfield, and Katherine Annett-Hitchcock aims to assess how aesthetics can be engaged to improve utilization of a device and promote positive user outcomes.(January 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting Providing Protection against Mosquitos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nAndre West, Emiel DenHartog, Michael Roe, Charles Apperson, and Kun Luan<\/h4>\n\n\n\nWholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
WholeGarment\u00ae Knitting of Military Clothing with Bite Protection against Mosquitoes. The objective of this research for the U. S. Army\u2019s Deployed War Fighters Protection Division (DWFP) is to develop an Army Combat Uniform (ACU) using seamless WholeGarment\u00ae technology that is bite-resistant from vector insects and create a predictive model to select structural design parameters for the production of comfortable, durable, and bite-resistant knit fabrics.<\/strong> Professors Andre West (Textiles), Emiel DenHartog (Textiles) Michael Roe (Entomology), Charles Apperson (Entomology) and Dr. Kun Luan (Textiles) are working together to develop these new garments to offer an economical, sustainable and accessible approach to mechanically prevent proboscis penetration without the use of harmful chemical pesticides thus reducing disease exposure for deployed military. The image right shows a black knitted fabric being tested with \u201cArm in Cage\u201d and 50 female mosquitoes. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFactor Identification in Smart Health-Monitoring Wearable Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMengmeng Zhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The empirical study of factor identification in smart health-monitoring wearable device is conducted by Prof. Mengmeng Zhu and her team to comprehensively identify 123 factors from various perspectives, and further determine the important features that interest customers based on statistical inference and machine learning. <\/strong>Many system failures occur from interactions of software and hardware (I-SH), however I-SH are often neglected in modeling system reliability due to mathematical complexity. Prof. Zhu and her team developed a new mathematical framework of modeling complex system reliability (CSR) considering I-SH, and two imperfect maintenance policies for complex system. A new diagram of categorizing I-SH states is proposed (See Figure). Based on Markov process, a new mathematical framework of modeling CSR incorporating newly proposed diagram is developed. Moreover, the steps of finding the optimal cost are theoretically illustrated for the two long-term imperfect maintenance policies. (October 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nFiber-Shaped Robot with Controlled Motions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiaomeng Fang and Philip Bradford<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The ongoing curiosity in development of fiber robots originates from a profound interest in finding artificial means to mimic the flexible and fibrous mammalian muscles that are superbly resilient, meanwhile can generate fast, strong, and repeated locomotion. <\/strong>Fiber robots composed of electroactive polymers are inherently advantageous because they combine flexibility of the textile structure with the smart feature. Dr. Fang and Dr. Bradford are collaborating to develop miniaturized fiber robots using novel electroactive polymers and aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs). Such developed devices are capable of generating multidirectional motions, which have great potential in microrobotics, biomedical devices, haptic devices, and responsive prosthetics. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nGuiding Cardiac Differentiation via Decellularized ECM Electrospun Scaffolds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The microenvironment of the heart is extremely important to support the specific heart functions and is different throughout the heart. <\/strong>The microenvironment includes both the architecture and the natural proteins and biopolymers present within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dr. Gluck is investigating how the microenvironment influences cardiac development. Native cardiac tissue undergoes a process called \u201cdecellularization\u201d which is the removal all cells from the tissue, leaving the natural proteins and biopolymers. This is then electrospun to recreate the heart\u2019s microenvironment. A stem cell model is used to analyze how the microenvironment influences differentiation to specific heart cells. The figure right shows stem cells becoming heart cells (7 days post differentiation), where red=\u03b1-actinin, green=HCN4, blue=nucleus. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nIntegration of Textiles in Assisted Living Art Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKate Nartker<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIt is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
It is estimated that there are 1.5 million older adults residing in assisted living facilities in the U.S. today. <\/strong>As this demographic grows, there is a pressing need to develop novel, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to improve the lives of older adults in long-term care. While research on the benefits of art participation in older adults is growing, there is a need to look beyond creative expression and examine the specific mediums, activities and processes that most effectively impact health and well-being. This research will focus on how textiles are currently integrated in arts enrichment programs in assisted living facilities and the degree to which they contribute to the well-being of the resident seniors. (July 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSensor-Integrated Polymeric Scaffolds for Ocular Tissue Engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety and Jessica M. Gluck<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The World Health Organization estimates that at least 2.2 billion people worldwide have a vision impairment or blindness. <\/strong>Frequently, vision impairment has been related to damage to the cornea within the eye. The most common restorative treatment option for corneal damage is transplantation. The ocular tissue engineering approach for corneal transplantation relies on stem cells from a donor to develop corneal tissue before transplanting it to the patient. Optimal biomaterial scaffolds for tissue development as well as monitoring the tissue function are essential for successful tissue engineering. Dr. Januka Budhathoki-Uprety and Dr. Jessica M. Gluck are collaborating on developing sensor-integrated polymer scaffolds for ocular tissue engineering and in situ monitoring of tissue function. The inclusion of the biosensor in scaffolds will enable real-time monitoring of tissue health during culture and optimization strategies for corneal transplantation, as well as developing stem cell-derived epithelium to negate the need for donor tissue in the future. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBio-Inspired Structural Color for Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur, Nathalie Lavoine, Traci Lamar<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
In nature, generation of structural colors is realized by living organisms (e.g. butterflies). <\/strong>These natural colors result from the selective reflectance of incident light originating from micro- and nano-structure variation. In this study, we combine textile material, a microstructure, with wood-extracted cellulose nanocrystals, as nanostructure, to generate naturally colored fabrics. This interdisciplinary study involves a collaborative team of experts in textile structure and design, coloration technologies and cellulose nanomaterials, from Wilson College of Textiles (Drs. Traci Lamar and Kavita Mathur) and the College of Natural Resources (Dr. Nathalie Lavoine), respectively. This innovative project aims at reducing the use of synthetic dyes and pigments in textile color applications, but also proposes a new sustainable pathway to textile coloration using renewable and biodegradable materials. (April 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Print Colorant and Color Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLisa Chapman<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOptimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Optimization of digital print colorant and color management systems reduces cost, improves performance and reduces or eliminate chemicals in our waterways.<\/strong> Working collaboratively with fellow faculty members such as Drs. Freeman, Moore, Thoney and Shamey, and industry members such as Everlight, HP, Lubrizol Corporation, and Walmart, Dr. Chapman has secured competitive grants to fund research in digital printing. High-speed digital printers, capable of printing 70 m\/min, are now competitive with rotary screen printing in terms of speed and cost and have a competitive advantage when printing shorter runs or multiple colorways. This research takes a whole system approach, working to engineer fiber, yarn, substrate, pre-treatment, colorant, and printing systems to develop a highly competitive manufacturing system that delivers a superior product at a value to the customer, ultimately contributing to economic development via the creation of innovative products and services for the global textile complex. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nClothing Biophysics \u2013 Physical Interaction between Human, Clothing and the Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEmiel DenHartog<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
In most of his career, Prof. Emiel DenHartog he has studied thermal physiology and protection such as Chemical-Biological Protection, but also ballistics, heat and flame and camouflage.<\/strong> Recently his work has focused more on the local interaction of fabrics and materials with the skin and the effects of the local microclimate on skin health. Main focus of research is on using and developing test and evaluation methods for functional textiles to demonstrate and quantify protection, performance, health and comfort of clothing. With this he is pursuing, and enjoying, active collaborations with a wide range of scientists providing measurement and evaluation support on anything related to improvements on human health, performance and comfort. (January 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Global Apparel Markets and Consumers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEllie Jin<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The apparel and footwear industry represent the world\u2019s 2nd largest consumer goods sector after packaged food.<\/strong> The global apparel industry is Prof. Ellie Jin\u2019s passion. Her primary research focus is on understanding global apparel markets and consumers, especially in emerging markets. Her studied emerging markets include China (funded from US Department of Education, 2004-2007), India (USDA, 2006-2009), Vietnam (US Department of Education, 2010), Saudi Arabia (King Saud University, 2015-2016), and Malaysia and Indonesia (National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019-2022). Prof. Jin\u2019s another research area is helping SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises)\u2019 branding and global activities. With the expert and interests, Prof. Jin seeks to collaborate with textile and apparel companies in branding their goods and technologies and in globalizing their businesses. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtecting Firefighters from Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nBryan Ormond<\/h4>\n\n\n\nOver 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Over 60% of line-of-duty-deaths for firefighters have been attributed to cancer. <\/strong>The rates of cancer diagnoses and cancer deaths in the fire service have been elevated due to chronic exposures to increasingly toxic and carcinogenic fireground contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and fluorinated compounds. To mitigate these exposures, Professor Bryan Ormond\u2019s research group in TPACC\u2019s Chemical Protection and Analytical Laboratory works both in the lab and in the field with local and national fire departments to measure the efficacy of new particulate-blocking firefighter hoods that provide dermal protection from smoke and soot, assess the potential contact and off-gassing hazards associated with contaminated gear, and develop analytical approaches to determine the most efficient cleaning methods for turnout ensembles. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nHigh-Performance Nanofiber-Based Batteries and Supercapacitors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nAmong the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Among the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have been considered as two important solutions to the increasing needs for high-performance electrochemical power sources.<\/strong> Novel nanofiber materials with functional properties can dramatically alter surface reaction rates and charge transport throughout the batteries and supercapacitors, causing significant improvement in energy storage efficiency. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team have developed of several new functional nanofibers and integrated them into rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve high system performance. Results show that these long-life, high-performance batteries and supercapacitors weigh less, take less space, and deliver more energy. Currently, they are working on all-solid-state and flexible energy-storage devices. (October 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nOptical Nanosensor Development for the Detection and Monitoring of Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanuka Budhathoki-Uprety<\/h4>\n\n\n\nChronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Chronic illness such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer require frequent health monitoring.<\/strong> Non-invasive detection methods for monitoring of diseases would facilitate disease management and help mitigate socio-economic burden. Towards this, the goal of the study is to develop nanosensors to measure subtle disease biomarkers found in the body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and saliva among others. Dr. Budhathoki-Uprety\u2019s team is currently developing carbon nanotube-based optical biosensors, functionalized with custom-designed polymers and small molecules, to quantitatively measure disease biomarkers present in body fluids. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInvestigation of Skin-textile Interaction to Prevent Incidence of Friction Blisters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKavita Mathur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFriction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Friction blisters on the feet are the most common injuries among athletes and soldiers. <\/strong>They are formed on the uppermost layer of the epidermis, where thick skin connected to underlying layers receive excessive and repetitive increase in shear forces and friction coefficient arising from the tribological interaction of the skin with external materials during walking, running, exercising or sport activities. Since socks being the primary material in contact with the skin, this research focuses on the skin-fabric interaction by investigating the factors from fiber, yarn and fabric structures in combination with the effect of mechanical parameters (sliding distance between the skin and the fabrics, pressure, frequency and time), heat and moisture. The results of this project will be the foundation for future research and will lead to design tailored materials and textile structures to prevent any friction-induced incidence caused by skin-textile interaction. (July 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nInkjet Printing on Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJesse Jur<\/h4>\n\n\n\nInkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Inkjet printing electronic materials on textile platforms is being researched to impart high electrical functionalities while maintaining inherent properties of textiles.<\/strong> Ink-jet printing has been demonstrated as a means of rapid production of versatile patterns, minimizing materials waste and eliminating incorporation of electronic materials in fiber and yarn production. In order to overcome challenges in heavy-metal nanoparticle inks, particle-free reactive silver inks based on silver carboxylates and ammonia ligands are processed in inkjet system to fabricate e-textiles on knit, woven and nonwoven structures. Using these strategies, the NEXT research team, led by Dr. Jesse Jur has achieved a low sheet resistance of 0.09 \u03a9\/sq was achieved by controlling the number of print passes, annealing process and textile structures. Their studies highlight the use of inkjet process of various electronic inks to fabricate textile-based electrodes, strain sensors, capacitors, pressure sensors and organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in wearable electronics system. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n2D Image Body Measuring System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCynthia Istook, Andre West<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The 2D image body measuring system developed by professor Cynthia Istook, Andre West, and their PrimeFit research team is able to measure human body base on photos captured by smart phones.<\/strong> Users could put on a set of measuring garments and use their smart phones to take a front and a side view photo of them wearing the garments to get their body measurements. This measuring system offers a simple and affordable method for people to measure their bodies for daily use and could potentially solve the problem of online shopping returning caused by garment fit problem. (April 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\nProtective Workwear for Agricultural Workers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKatherine Annett-Hitchcock<\/h4>\n\n\n\nMigrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Migrant farm workers are at increased risk of severe health issues due to lack of awareness about the effect of pesticides.<\/strong> Few policies exist to protect these workers. Professor Katherine Annett-Hitchcock and her students focus their efforts on creating garments that assist in protection from the pesticide Flumetralin, commonly used by tobacco farmers. A textile surface finish was applied to prevent the pesticide from penetrating the fabric and thereby preventing dermal absorption of the toxin. The second phase of the project was the design and building of a shirt and pants combination using functional and user-centered design elements, constructed from fabric with the applied surface finish to provide the intended user maximum coverage, movement, and breathability for daily work in the fields. The team, including students from Social Innovation Fellows program, is preparing to test the feasibility of hemp as a garment substrate, and the issues raised through wear-testing with a migrant worker population in the field. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSurface Energy Control for Alcohol Repellency and Electret Charge Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEunkyoung Shim<\/h4>\n\n\n\nIn the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
In the field of electret air filter materials, media are embedded with charges in order to improve filter capture efficiency. <\/strong>Unfortunately, these charged filters are susceptible to charge loss when exposed to oils and alcohols. Professor Eunkyoung Shim and her students aim to create highly repellent nonwoven media economically and prevent electrostatic charge loss. The team has produced fluorochemical melt additive containing meltblown nonwovens, investigated additive migration process and additive distributions, and related them to alcohol repellency and charge retention of electret filter media. It was found that the associated increase in filtration efficiency due to electret charging can protected through the use of alcohol repellent surfaces, and this is directly related to surface fluorine content of the nonwoven media. (October 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nSolution Spinning of 2D Materials to Novel Fibrous Structures for Wide Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nWei Gao<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNovel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Novel fibers directly spun from two-dimensional materials instead of polymers can lead to a technological revolution to the state-of-the-art fiber industry. <\/strong>Recently two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MoS2<\/sub>, and MXene have demonstrated extraordinary molecular-level properties for energy storage, sensing, separation, catalysis etc<\/em>. However, their large-scale manufacturing and processing for real-world applications are still in its infancy. Professor Wei Gao\u2019s group works on the fiber-formation technologies with this new group of 2D crystals, providing fundamental understanding of their fiber formation mechanisms. The right image shows a knitted fabric made of graphene fibers that can work as a battery to store and deliver electrical energy. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nEnhancing the Performance and Usability of Woven Conductive Textiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nJanie Woodbridge<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFew electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Few electronic textiles have penetrated the commercial market.<\/strong> Extensive research has gone into the development of electronic textiles but due to long term issues with durability and performance, they have had little commercial success. To overcome this challenge, Professor Janie Woodbridge is studying existing electronic textiles and working to develop a multi-layered woven conductive fabric with an integrated support system. This will provide extra durability, more comfort for the wearer, and better protection of the sensitive, often fragile, conductive fibers. Increasing performance capabilities will extend the usability of electronic textiles and make them more commercially desirable. (July 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBiocatalytic Textiles for CO2<\/sub> Capture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSonja Salmon<\/h4>\n\n\n\nFurther development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Further development of CO2<\/sub> Capture technology is crucial in the portfolio of approaches needed to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2<\/sub> levels that contribute to climate change. Novel, reactive filtration materials are being developed for use in CO2<\/sub> gas separation applications by combining the high surface area attributes of micron and submicron fibers with fast CO2<\/sub> absorption enhancement catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Dr. Salmon and her collaborators have explored methodologies for entrapping enzymes within the polymeric matrix of fibers using different polymer chemistries and fiber-formation approaches to develop a new class of biocatalytic textiles for use in CO2<\/sub> scrubbing and other advanced textile applications. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nWearable Medical Device for Thermotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMinyoung Suh<\/h4>\n\n\n\nDr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Dr. Suh and her research team aim to develop clothing-like applicators for thermotherapy. Textile patch antennas are made of a conductive patch, a ground plane, and a dielectric insulator in between.<\/strong> Focusing on an accurate characterization of the dielectric layers, a theoretical model is established with Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and a series of prototype antennas is fabricated. Based on validation of antenna design and production in a planar state, 3D features are incorporated into the system design and the antenna is redesigned for form-fitting devices. This research contributes to a more uniform heat distribution in thermotherapy as well as an enhancement of device wearability. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nCentrifugal Spinning \u2013 An Alternative Nanofiber Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nXiangwu Zhang<\/h4>\n\n\n\nNanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Nanofibers are an important class of material that is useful in a variety of applications, including filtration, tissue engineering, protective clothing, composites, battery separators, energy storage, etc.<\/strong> So far, electrospinning is the most studied method for producing nanofibers. However, the wide-spread commercial use of electrospinning is limited due to its low production rate, poor safety, and high cost. Most other nanofiber production methods, such as phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly, are complex and can only be used to make nanofibers from limited types of materials. Prof. Xiangwu Zhang and his team use a simple, yet versatile technique to produce nanofibers of various materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, and composites. Centrifugal spinning eliminates the limitations encountered by current nanofiber production methods and can produce nanofibers at high speed and low cost. The team has developed various centrifugally-spun nanofibers for applications such as energy storage, chemical and biological protection, biomedical materials, and laser ultrasound. (April 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nBig Data Analysis for the textile and apparel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nLori Rothenberg<\/h4>\n\n\n\nThe use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The use of advanced analytics in a big data society is essential to the creation of actionable information for the textile and apparel industry.<\/strong> Dr. Rothenberg and her team of graduate students have applied machine learning to analyze data from around the world in order to better understand consumers, workers and companies. With a focus on economic competitiveness, they have studied topics including corporate social responsibility, reshoring and entrepreneurship. Through the use of software such as SAS Text Miner, IBM Watson Analytics for Social Media, and JMP Pro, they were able to analyze data from newspapers and social media posts, as well as large secondary datasets. (January 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding Potential Toxic Effects of Synthetic Dyes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n