{"id":16383,"date":"2021-07-13T15:18:33","date_gmt":"2021-07-13T19:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/?p=16383"},"modified":"2024-05-01T10:41:11","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T14:41:11","slug":"mosquito-resistant-clothing-prevents-bites-in-trials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2021\/07\/mosquito-resistant-clothing-prevents-bites-in-trials\/","title":{"rendered":"Mosquito-Resistant Clothing Prevents Bites in Trials"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

North Carolina State University researchers have created insecticide-free, mosquito-resistant clothing using textile materials they confirmed to be bite-proof in experiments with live mosquitoes. They developed the materials using a computational model of their own design, which describes the biting behavior of Aedes aegypti<\/em>, the mosquito that carries viruses that cause human diseases like Zika, Dengue fever and yellow fever.<\/p>\n\n\n

Ultimately, the researchers reported <\/a>in the journal Insects<\/em> that they were able to prevent 100 percent of bites when a volunteer wore their clothing \u2013 a base layer undergarment and a combat shirt initially designed for the military \u2013 in a cage with 200 live, disease-free mosquitoes. Vector Textiles<\/a>, an NC State startup company, has licensed the related patent rights and intends to make clothing for commercial sale in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers think their computational model could be used more widely to develop clothing to reduce transmission of diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThe fabric is proven to work \u2013 that\u2019s the great thing we discovered,\u201d said study co-author Andre West<\/a>, associate professor of fashion and textile design at NC State and director of Zeis Textiles Extension for Economic Development<\/a>. \u201cTo me, that\u2019s revolutionary. We found we can prevent the mosquito from pushing through the fabric, while others were thick enough to prevent it from reaching the skin.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

To develop the computational model to design textile materials that could prevent A. aegypti<\/em> bites, researchers investigated the dimensions of the head, antenna and mouth of A. aegypti<\/em>, and the mechanics of how it bites. Then, they used the model to predict textile materials that would prevent bites, depending on their thickness and pore size. Researchers said they believe the materials could be effective against other mosquito species in addition to A. aegypti<\/em> because of similarities in biology and biting behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThere are different uses for clothing,\u201d said the study\u2019s first author Kun Luan<\/a>, postdoctoral research scholar of forest biomaterials at NC State. \u201cThe idea is to have a model that will cover all possible garments that a person would ever want.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

To test the accuracy of their model, the researchers tested the materials predicted to be bite-proof. In experiments with live, disease-free mosquitoes, the researchers surrounded a blood reservoir with plastic materials made according to parameters predicted by the model. They then counted how many mosquitoes became engorged with blood.<\/p>\n\n\n

One material they initially tested was very thin \u2013 less than one millimeter thick \u2013 but had a very small pore size to prevent the mosquito from sticking its mouth parts, or proboscis, through the material. Another material had a medium pore size to prevent the mosquito from inserting its head through the textile far enough to reach the skin; and a third material had larger pores, but was sufficiently thick that the mosquito\u2019s mouth still couldn\u2019t reach the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n

In a subsequent test, the researchers chose a series of knitted and woven fabrics that met the bite-proof parameters determined by the model, and validated they worked in experiments using both the blood reservoir and human volunteers. The researchers tested the number of bites received by volunteers when study participants inserted an arm covered by a protective sleeve into a mosquito cage. The researchers also compared the fabrics\u2019 ability to prevent bites and repel mosquitoes to fabrics treated with an insecticide.<\/p>\n\n\n

From what they learned in early experiments, researchers developed the bite-resistant, form-fitting undergarment made with a thin material, as well as a long-sleeved shirt, which was initially envisioned as a combat shirt for the military.<\/p>\n\n\n

When a volunteer wore the garments sitting for 10 minutes and standing for 10 minutes in a walk-in cage with 200 hungry mosquitos, the volunteer found the combat shirt was 100 percent effective at preventing bites. In the first trial testing the base layer, the volunteer received bites on the back and shoulders \u2013 seven bites for 200 mosquitoes. The researchers attributed the bites to the fabric stretching and deforming, so they doubled the material layer around the shoulders, and were ultimately able to prevent 100 percent of bites. They also tested the clothing for comfort, and to see how well it trapped heat and released moisture.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThe final garments that were produced were 100 percent bite-resistant,\u201d said Michael Roe<\/a>, William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor of Entomology at NC State. \u201cEveryday clothing you wear in the summer is not bite-resistant to mosquitoes. Our work has shown that it doesn\u2019t have to be that way. Clothes that you wear every day can be made bite-resistant. Ultimately, the idea is to have a model that will cover all possible garments that person would ever want \u2013 both for the military as well as for private use.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

The study, \u201cMosquito-textile physics: A mathematical roadmap to insecticide-free, bite-proof clothing for everyday life,\u201d was published online <\/a>July 13, 2021, in the journal Insects<\/em>. It was authored by Luan, Roe, West, Charles Apperson, Marian McCord, Emiel DenHartog, Quan Shi, Nicholas Travanty, Robert Mitchell, Grayson Cave, John Strider and Youngxin Wang from NC State University and Isa Bettermann, Florian Neumann and Tobias Beck from Aachen University, Germany. The study was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Department of Defense Deployed War Fighter Program, Natick Contracting Division of the U.S. Department of Defense, the Chancellor\u2019s Innovation Fund at NC State, the Southeast Center for Agricultural Health and Injury Prevention, PILOTS and the NC Agriculture Research Experiment Station.<\/p>\n\n\n

-oleniacz-<\/p>\n\n\n

Note to editors<\/strong>: The abstract follows.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cMosquito-textile physics: A mathematical roadmap to insecticide-free, bite-proof clothing for everyday life\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

Authors<\/strong>: Kun Luan, Andre J. West, Marian G. McCord, Emiel DenHartog, Quan Shi, Isa Bettermann, Jiayin Li, Nicholas V. Travanty, Robert D. Mitchell III, Grayson L. Cave, John B. Strider, Yongxin Wang, Florian Neumann, Tobias Beck, Charles S. Apperson and R. Michael Roe.<\/p>\n\n\n

Published<\/strong> online <\/a>in Insects<\/em> on July 13, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n

DOI<\/strong>: 10.3390\/insects12070636 <\/p>\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong>: Garments treated with chemical insecticides are commonly used to prevent mosquito bites. Resistance to insecticides, however, is threatening the efficacy of this technology, and people are increasingly concerned about the potential health impacts of wearing insecticide-treated clothing. Here, we report a mathematical model for fabric barriers that resist bites from<\/p>\n\n\n

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on textile physical structure and no insecticides. The model was derived from mosquito morphometrics and analysis of mosquito biting behavior. Precision polypropylene plates were first used to simulate woven and knitted fabrics for model validation.<\/p>\n\n\n

Then based on model predictions, prototype knitted textiles and garments were developed that prevented mosquito biting and were tested for comfort. Our predictive model can be used to develop additional textiles in the future for garments that are highly bite-resistant to mosquitoes.<\/p>\n

This post was originally published<\/a> in NC State News.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false,"raw":"\n

North Carolina State University researchers have created insecticide-free, mosquito-resistant clothing using textile materials they confirmed to be bite-proof in experiments with live mosquitoes. They developed the materials using a computational model of their own design, which describes the biting behavior of Aedes aegypti<\/em>, the mosquito that carries viruses that cause human diseases like Zika, Dengue fever and yellow fever.<\/p>\n\n\n

Ultimately, the researchers reported <\/a>in the journal Insects<\/em> that they were able to prevent 100 percent of bites when a volunteer wore their clothing \u2013 a base layer undergarment and a combat shirt initially designed for the military \u2013 in a cage with 200 live, disease-free mosquitoes. Vector Textiles<\/a>, an NC State startup company, has licensed the related patent rights and intends to make clothing for commercial sale in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers think their computational model could be used more widely to develop clothing to reduce transmission of diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThe fabric is proven to work \u2013 that\u2019s the great thing we discovered,\u201d said study co-author Andre West<\/a>, associate professor of fashion and textile design at NC State and director of Zeis Textiles Extension for Economic Development<\/a>. \u201cTo me, that\u2019s revolutionary. We found we can prevent the mosquito from pushing through the fabric, while others were thick enough to prevent it from reaching the skin.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

To develop the computational model to design textile materials that could prevent A. aegypti<\/em> bites, researchers investigated the dimensions of the head, antenna and mouth of A. aegypti<\/em>, and the mechanics of how it bites. Then, they used the model to predict textile materials that would prevent bites, depending on their thickness and pore size. Researchers said they believe the materials could be effective against other mosquito species in addition to A. aegypti<\/em> because of similarities in biology and biting behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThere are different uses for clothing,\u201d said the study\u2019s first author Kun Luan<\/a>, postdoctoral research scholar of forest biomaterials at NC State. \u201cThe idea is to have a model that will cover all possible garments that a person would ever want.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

To test the accuracy of their model, the researchers tested the materials predicted to be bite-proof. In experiments with live, disease-free mosquitoes, the researchers surrounded a blood reservoir with plastic materials made according to parameters predicted by the model. They then counted how many mosquitoes became engorged with blood.<\/p>\n\n\n

One material they initially tested was very thin \u2013 less than one millimeter thick \u2013 but had a very small pore size to prevent the mosquito from sticking its mouth parts, or proboscis, through the material. Another material had a medium pore size to prevent the mosquito from inserting its head through the textile far enough to reach the skin; and a third material had larger pores, but was sufficiently thick that the mosquito\u2019s mouth still couldn\u2019t reach the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n

In a subsequent test, the researchers chose a series of knitted and woven fabrics that met the bite-proof parameters determined by the model, and validated they worked in experiments using both the blood reservoir and human volunteers. The researchers tested the number of bites received by volunteers when study participants inserted an arm covered by a protective sleeve into a mosquito cage. The researchers also compared the fabrics\u2019 ability to prevent bites and repel mosquitoes to fabrics treated with an insecticide.<\/p>\n\n\n

From what they learned in early experiments, researchers developed the bite-resistant, form-fitting undergarment made with a thin material, as well as a long-sleeved shirt, which was initially envisioned as a combat shirt for the military.<\/p>\n\n\n

When a volunteer wore the garments sitting for 10 minutes and standing for 10 minutes in a walk-in cage with 200 hungry mosquitos, the volunteer found the combat shirt was 100 percent effective at preventing bites. In the first trial testing the base layer, the volunteer received bites on the back and shoulders \u2013 seven bites for 200 mosquitoes. The researchers attributed the bites to the fabric stretching and deforming, so they doubled the material layer around the shoulders, and were ultimately able to prevent 100 percent of bites. They also tested the clothing for comfort, and to see how well it trapped heat and released moisture.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThe final garments that were produced were 100 percent bite-resistant,\u201d said Michael Roe<\/a>, William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor of Entomology at NC State. \u201cEveryday clothing you wear in the summer is not bite-resistant to mosquitoes. Our work has shown that it doesn\u2019t have to be that way. Clothes that you wear every day can be made bite-resistant. Ultimately, the idea is to have a model that will cover all possible garments that person would ever want \u2013 both for the military as well as for private use.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

The study, \u201cMosquito-textile physics: A mathematical roadmap to insecticide-free, bite-proof clothing for everyday life,\u201d was published online <\/a>July 13, 2021, in the journal Insects<\/em>. It was authored by Luan, Roe, West, Charles Apperson, Marian McCord, Emiel DenHartog, Quan Shi, Nicholas Travanty, Robert Mitchell, Grayson Cave, John Strider and Youngxin Wang from NC State University and Isa Bettermann, Florian Neumann and Tobias Beck from Aachen University, Germany. The study was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Department of Defense Deployed War Fighter Program, Natick Contracting Division of the U.S. Department of Defense, the Chancellor\u2019s Innovation Fund at NC State, the Southeast Center for Agricultural Health and Injury Prevention, PILOTS and the NC Agriculture Research Experiment Station.<\/p>\n\n\n

-oleniacz-<\/p>\n\n\n

Note to editors<\/strong>: The abstract follows.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cMosquito-textile physics: A mathematical roadmap to insecticide-free, bite-proof clothing for everyday life\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

Authors<\/strong>: Kun Luan, Andre J. West, Marian G. McCord, Emiel DenHartog, Quan Shi, Isa Bettermann, Jiayin Li, Nicholas V. Travanty, Robert D. Mitchell III, Grayson L. Cave, John B. Strider, Yongxin Wang, Florian Neumann, Tobias Beck, Charles S. Apperson and R. Michael Roe.<\/p>\n\n\n

Published<\/strong> online <\/a>in Insects<\/em> on July 13, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n

DOI<\/strong>: 10.3390\/insects12070636 <\/p>\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong>: Garments treated with chemical insecticides are commonly used to prevent mosquito bites. Resistance to insecticides, however, is threatening the efficacy of this technology, and people are increasingly concerned about the potential health impacts of wearing insecticide-treated clothing. Here, we report a mathematical model for fabric barriers that resist bites from<\/p>\n\n\n

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on textile physical structure and no insecticides. The model was derived from mosquito morphometrics and analysis of mosquito biting behavior. Precision polypropylene plates were first used to simulate woven and knitted fabrics for model validation.<\/p>\n\n\n

Then based on model predictions, prototype knitted textiles and garments were developed that prevented mosquito biting and were tested for comfort. Our predictive model can be used to develop additional textiles in the future for garments that are highly bite-resistant to mosquitoes.<\/p>\n"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NC State researchers created insecticide-free, mosquito-resistant clothing using bite-proof textiles they designed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":28171,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"source":"ncstate_wire","ncst_custom_author":"","ncst_show_custom_author":false,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"ncst\/default-post-header","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"{\"showAuthor\":true,\"showDate\":true,\"showFeaturedVideo\":false,\"caption\":\"\",\"displayCategoryID\":2135}","ncst_content_audit_freq":"","ncst_content_audit_date":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[512],"tags":[669,2327,504,1382,898],"displayCategory":null,"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Mosquito-Resistant Clothing Prevents Bites in Trials - Wilson College of Textiles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2021\/07\/mosquito-resistant-clothing-prevents-bites-in-trials\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mosquito-Resistant Clothing Prevents Bites in Trials - 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