{"id":16602,"date":"2020-07-02T10:00:47","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T14:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/?p=16602"},"modified":"2024-11-18T19:41:35","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T00:41:35","slug":"flexible-material-shows-potential-for-use-in-fabrics-to-heat-cool","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2020\/07\/flexible-material-shows-potential-for-use-in-fabrics-to-heat-cool\/","title":{"rendered":"Flexible Material Shows Potential for Use in Fabrics to Heat, Cool"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A film made of tiny carbon nanotubes (CNT) may be a key material in developing clothing that can heat or cool the wearer on demand. A new North Carolina State University study <\/a>finds that the CNT film has a combination of thermal, electrical and physical properties that make it an appealing candidate for next-generation smart fabrics.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers were also able to optimize the thermal and electrical properties of the material, allowing the material to retain its desirable properties even when exposed to air for many weeks. Moreover, these properties were achieved using processes that were relatively simple and did not need excessively high temperatures.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cMany researchers are trying to develop a material that is non-toxic and inexpensive, but at the same time is efficient at heating and cooling,\u201d said Tushar Ghosh<\/a>, co-corresponding author of the study. \u201cCarbon nanotubes, if used appropriately, are safe, and we are using a form that happens to be inexpensive, relatively speaking. So it\u2019s potentially a more affordable thermoelectric material that could be used next to the skin.\u201d Ghosh is the William A. Klopman Distinguished Professor of Textiles in NC State\u2019s Wilson College of Textiles.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cWe want to integrate this material into the fabric itself,\u201d said Kony Chatterjee<\/a>, first author of the study and a Ph.D. student at NC State. \u201cRight now, the research into clothing that can regulate temperature focuses heavily on integrating rigid materials into fabrics, and commercial wearable thermoelectric devices on the market aren\u2019t flexible either.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

To cool the wearer, Chatterjee said, CNTs have properties that would allow heat to be drawn away from the body when an external source of current is applied.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThink of it like a film, with cooling properties on one side of it and heating on the other,\u201d Ghosh said.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers measured the material\u2019s ability to conduct electricity, as well as its thermal conductivity, or how easily heat passes through the material.<\/p>\n\n\n

One of the biggest findings was that the material has relatively low thermal conductivity \u2013 meaning heat would not travel back to the wearer easily after leaving the body in order to cool it. That also means that if the material were used to warm the wearer, the heat would travel with a current toward the body, and not pass back out to the atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers were able to accurately measure the material\u2019s thermal conductivity through a collaboration with the lab of Jun Liu<\/a>, an assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at NC State. The researchers used a special experimental design to more accurately measure the material\u2019s thermal conductivity in the direction that the electric current is moving within the material.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cYou have to measure each property in the same direction to give you a reasonable estimate of the material\u2019s capabilities,\u201d said Liu, co-corresponding author of the study. \u201cThis was not an easy task; it was very challenging, but we developed a method to measure this, especially for thin flexible films.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

The research team also measured the ability of the material to generate electricity using a difference in temperature, or thermal gradient, between two environments. Researchers said that they could take advantage of this for heating, cooling, or to power small electronics.<\/p>\n\n\n

Liu said that while these thermoelectric properties were important, it was also key that they found a material that was also flexible, stable in air, and relatively simple to make.<\/p>\n\n\n

 \u201cThe point of this paper isn\u2019t that we achieved the best thermoelectric performance,\u201d Liu said. \u201cWe achieved something that can be used as a flexible, electronic, soft material that\u2019s easy to fabricate. It\u2019s easy to prepare this material, and easy to achieve these properties.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

Ultimately, their vision for the project is to design a smart fabric that can heat and cool the wearer, along with energy harvesting. They believe that a smart garment could help reduce energy consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cInstead of heating or cooling a whole dwelling or space, you would heat or cool the personal space around the body,\u201d Ghosh said. \u201cIf we could get the thermostat down a degree or two, that could save a tremendous amount of energy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

The paper, \u201cIn-plane Thermoelectric Properties of Flexible and Room Temperature Processable Doped Carbon Nanotube Films,\u201d was published in the journal ACS Applied Energy Materials<\/em>. The paper was co-authored by Ankit Negi and Kyunghoon Kim, who are Ph.D. students at NC State. The research was supported by the National Science Foundation, under grants 1943813 and 1622451, and by the NC State Chancellor\u2019s Innovation Fund.<\/p>\n\n\n

-oleniacz-<\/p>\n\n\n

Note to editors<\/strong>: the abstract follows.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cIn-plane Thermoelectric Properties of Flexible and Room Temperature Doped Carbon Nanotube Films.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

DOI<\/em>: 10.1021\/acsaem.0c00995<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

Authors<\/em>: Kony Chatterjee, Ankit Negi, Kyunghoon Kim, Jun Liu and Tushar K. Ghosh, North Carolina State University.<\/p>\n\n\n

Published<\/em>: June 29, ACS Applied Energy Materials.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong>: Soft materials with high power factors (PFs) and low thermal conductivity (\u03ba) are critically important for integration of thermoelectric (TE) modules into flexible form factors for energy harvesting or cooling applications. Here, air stable p- and n-type multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films with high power factors (up to 521 \u00b5W\/mK2) are reported, with the n type doping carried out in a facile two-step process. The maximum figure of merit (ZT) of the p type and n-type CNTs are obtained as 0.019 and 0.015 at 300 K, respectively with all three transport properties \u2013 Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and \u03ba \u2013 measured in-plane, providing a more accurate ZT. Using time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) we report a fast and non-contact measurement of \u03ba without complex microfabrication or material processing. Moreover, there is no material mismatch between the p- and n-type legs of the TE module. Such materials have the potential for widespread applications in inexpensive and scalable wearable harvesting and localized heating\/cooling.<\/p>\n

This post was originally published<\/a> in NC State News.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false,"raw":"\n

A film made of tiny carbon nanotubes (CNT) may be a key material in developing clothing that can heat or cool the wearer on demand. A new North Carolina State University study <\/a>finds that the CNT film has a combination of thermal, electrical and physical properties that make it an appealing candidate for next-generation smart fabrics.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers were also able to optimize the thermal and electrical properties of the material, allowing the material to retain its desirable properties even when exposed to air for many weeks. Moreover, these properties were achieved using processes that were relatively simple and did not need excessively high temperatures.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cMany researchers are trying to develop a material that is non-toxic and inexpensive, but at the same time is efficient at heating and cooling,\u201d said Tushar Ghosh<\/a>, co-corresponding author of the study. \u201cCarbon nanotubes, if used appropriately, are safe, and we are using a form that happens to be inexpensive, relatively speaking. So it\u2019s potentially a more affordable thermoelectric material that could be used next to the skin.\u201d Ghosh is the William A. Klopman Distinguished Professor of Textiles in NC State\u2019s Wilson College of Textiles.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cWe want to integrate this material into the fabric itself,\u201d said Kony Chatterjee<\/a>, first author of the study and a Ph.D. student at NC State. \u201cRight now, the research into clothing that can regulate temperature focuses heavily on integrating rigid materials into fabrics, and commercial wearable thermoelectric devices on the market aren\u2019t flexible either.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

To cool the wearer, Chatterjee said, CNTs have properties that would allow heat to be drawn away from the body when an external source of current is applied.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThink of it like a film, with cooling properties on one side of it and heating on the other,\u201d Ghosh said.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers measured the material\u2019s ability to conduct electricity, as well as its thermal conductivity, or how easily heat passes through the material.<\/p>\n\n\n

One of the biggest findings was that the material has relatively low thermal conductivity \u2013 meaning heat would not travel back to the wearer easily after leaving the body in order to cool it. That also means that if the material were used to warm the wearer, the heat would travel with a current toward the body, and not pass back out to the atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers were able to accurately measure the material\u2019s thermal conductivity through a collaboration with the lab of Jun Liu<\/a>, an assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at NC State. The researchers used a special experimental design to more accurately measure the material\u2019s thermal conductivity in the direction that the electric current is moving within the material.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cYou have to measure each property in the same direction to give you a reasonable estimate of the material\u2019s capabilities,\u201d said Liu, co-corresponding author of the study. \u201cThis was not an easy task; it was very challenging, but we developed a method to measure this, especially for thin flexible films.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

The research team also measured the ability of the material to generate electricity using a difference in temperature, or thermal gradient, between two environments. Researchers said that they could take advantage of this for heating, cooling, or to power small electronics.<\/p>\n\n\n

Liu said that while these thermoelectric properties were important, it was also key that they found a material that was also flexible, stable in air, and relatively simple to make.<\/p>\n\n\n

 \u201cThe point of this paper isn\u2019t that we achieved the best thermoelectric performance,\u201d Liu said. \u201cWe achieved something that can be used as a flexible, electronic, soft material that\u2019s easy to fabricate. It\u2019s easy to prepare this material, and easy to achieve these properties.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

Ultimately, their vision for the project is to design a smart fabric that can heat and cool the wearer, along with energy harvesting. They believe that a smart garment could help reduce energy consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cInstead of heating or cooling a whole dwelling or space, you would heat or cool the personal space around the body,\u201d Ghosh said. \u201cIf we could get the thermostat down a degree or two, that could save a tremendous amount of energy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

The paper, \u201cIn-plane Thermoelectric Properties of Flexible and Room Temperature Processable Doped Carbon Nanotube Films,\u201d was published in the journal ACS Applied Energy Materials<\/em>. The paper was co-authored by Ankit Negi and Kyunghoon Kim, who are Ph.D. students at NC State. The research was supported by the National Science Foundation, under grants 1943813 and 1622451, and by the NC State Chancellor\u2019s Innovation Fund.<\/p>\n\n\n

-oleniacz-<\/p>\n\n\n

Note to editors<\/strong>: the abstract follows.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cIn-plane Thermoelectric Properties of Flexible and Room Temperature Doped Carbon Nanotube Films.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

DOI<\/em>: 10.1021\/acsaem.0c00995<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

Authors<\/em>: Kony Chatterjee, Ankit Negi, Kyunghoon Kim, Jun Liu and Tushar K. Ghosh, North Carolina State University.<\/p>\n\n\n

Published<\/em>: June 29, ACS Applied Energy Materials.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong>: Soft materials with high power factors (PFs) and low thermal conductivity (\u03ba) are critically important for integration of thermoelectric (TE) modules into flexible form factors for energy harvesting or cooling applications. Here, air stable p- and n-type multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films with high power factors (up to 521 \u00b5W\/mK2) are reported, with the n type doping carried out in a facile two-step process. The maximum figure of merit (ZT) of the p type and n-type CNTs are obtained as 0.019 and 0.015 at 300 K, respectively with all three transport properties \u2013 Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and \u03ba \u2013 measured in-plane, providing a more accurate ZT. Using time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) we report a fast and non-contact measurement of \u03ba without complex microfabrication or material processing. Moreover, there is no material mismatch between the p- and n-type legs of the TE module. Such materials have the potential for widespread applications in inexpensive and scalable wearable harvesting and localized heating\/cooling.<\/p>\n"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Researchers reported that a material made of carbon nanotubes may be key in developing clothing that can heat or cool the wearer on demand.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":28134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"source":"ncstate_wire","ncst_custom_author":"","ncst_show_custom_author":false,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"ncst\/default-post-header","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"{\"showAuthor\":true,\"showDate\":true,\"showFeaturedVideo\":false,\"caption\":\"\",\"displayCategoryID\":2135}","ncst_content_audit_freq":"","ncst_content_audit_date":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[512,479],"tags":[2327,951,2359,727,964,1382],"class_list":["post-16602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-and-innovation","category-tecs","tag-faculty-research","tag-graduate-research","tag-nanotechnology","tag-tecs","tag-textile-engineering-chemistry-and-science","tag-wilson-college-of-textiles"],"displayCategory":null,"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Flexible Material Shows Potential for Use in Fabrics to Heat, Cool - Wilson College of Textiles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2020\/07\/flexible-material-shows-potential-for-use-in-fabrics-to-heat-cool\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Flexible Material Shows Potential for Use in Fabrics to Heat, Cool - Wilson College of Textiles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers reported that a material made of carbon nanotubes may be key in developing clothing that can heat or cool the wearer on demand.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2020\/07\/flexible-material-shows-potential-for-use-in-fabrics-to-heat-cool\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Wilson College of Textiles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-02T14:00:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-19T00:41:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tex-cloud-cdn.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/textiles-ncsu\/20231108100746\/CNT-material.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"844\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ljolenia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ljolenia\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2020\/07\/flexible-material-shows-potential-for-use-in-fabrics-to-heat-cool\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2020\/07\/flexible-material-shows-potential-for-use-in-fabrics-to-heat-cool\/\",\"name\":\"Flexible Material Shows Potential for Use in Fabrics to Heat, Cool - 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