{"id":51165,"date":"2023-05-26T08:27:12","date_gmt":"2023-05-26T12:27:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/?p=51165"},"modified":"2024-05-02T02:41:05","modified_gmt":"2024-05-02T06:41:05","slug":"artificial-muscle-fibers-could-serve-as-cell-scaffolds-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2023\/05\/artificial-muscle-fibers-could-serve-as-cell-scaffolds-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Artificial Muscle Fibers Could Serve as Cell Scaffolds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In two new studies, North Carolina State University researchers designed and tested a series of textile fibers that can change shape and generate force like a muscle. In the first study<\/a>, the researchers focused on the materials\u2019 influence on artificial muscles\u2019 strength and contraction length. The findings could help researchers tailor the fibers for different applications.<\/p>\n\n\n

In the second, proof-of-concept study<\/a>, the researchers tested their fibers as scaffolds for live cells. Their findings suggest the fibers \u2013 known as \u201cfiber robots\u201d \u2013 could potentially be used to develop 3D models of living, moving systems in the human body.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cWe found that our fiber robot is a very suitable scaffold for the cells, and we can alter the frequency and contraction ratio to create a more suitable environment for cells,\u201d said Muh Amdadul Hoque,<\/a> graduate student in textile engineering, chemistry and science at NC State. \u201cThese were proof-of concept studies; ultimately, our goal is to see if we can study these fibers as a scaffold for stem cells, or use them to develop artificial organs in future studies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

Researchers made the shape-changing fibers by encapsulating a balloon-like tube, made of a material similar to rubber, in a braided textile sheath. Inflating the interior balloon with an air pump makes the braided sheath expand, causing it to shorten.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers measured the force and contraction rates of fibers made from different materials in order to understand the relationship between material and performance. They found that stronger, larger diameter yarns generated a stronger contraction force. In addition, they found that the material used to make the balloon impacted the magnitude of the contraction and generated force.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cWe found that we could tailor the material properties to the required performance of the device,\u201d said Xiaomeng Fang<\/a>, assistant professor of textile engineering, chemistry and science at NC State. \u201cWe also found that we can make this device small enough so we can potentially use it in fabric formation and other textile applications, including in wearables and assistive devices.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

In a follow-up study, researchers evaluated whether they could use the shape-changing fibers as a scaffold for fibroblasts, a cell type found in connective tissues that help support other tissues or organs.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThe idea with stretching is to mimic the dynamic nature of how your body moves,\u201d said Jessica Gluck<\/a>, assistant professor of textile engineering, chemistry and science at NC State, and a study co-author.<\/p>\n\n\n

They studied the cells\u2019 response to the motion of the shape-changing fibers, and to different materials used in the fibers\u2019 construction. They found the cells were able to cover and even penetrate the fiber robot\u2019s braiding sheath. However, they saw decreases in the cells\u2019 metabolic activity when the fiber robot\u2019s contraction extended beyond a certain level, compared to a device made of the same material that they kept stationary.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers are interested in building on the findings to see if they could use the fibers as a 3D biological model, and to investigate whether movement would impact cell differentiation. They said their model would be an advance over other existing experimental models that have been developed to show cellular response to stretching and other motion, since they can only move in two dimensions.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cTypically, if you want to add stretch or strain on cells, you would put them onto a plastic dish, and stretch them in one or two directions,\u201d Gluck said. \u201cIn this study, we were able to show that in this 3D dynamic culture, the cells can survive for up to 72 hours.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThis is particularly useful for stem cells,\u201d Gluck added. \u201cWhat we could do in the future is look at what could happen at the cellular level with mechanical stress on the cells. You could look at muscle cells and see how they\u2019re developing, or see how the mechanical action would help differentiate the cells.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

The study, \u201cEffect of Material Properties on Fiber-Shaped Pneumatic Actuators Performance\u201d was published in Actuators<\/em> on March 18. Emily Petersen was a co-author. The study was funded by start-up funding awarded to Fang from the Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science at NC State.<\/p>\n\n\n

The study, \u201cDevelopment of a Pneumatic-Driven Fiber-Shaped Robot Scaffold for Use as a Complex 3D Dynamic Culture System\u201d was published online in Biomimetics <\/em>on April 21. In addition to Gluck, Hoque and Fang, co-authors included Nasif Mahmood, Kiran M. Ali, Eelya Sefat, Yihan Huang, Emily Petersen and Shane Harrington. The study was funded by the NC State Wilson College of Textiles, the Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science Department and the Wilson College of Textiles Research Opportunity Seed Fund Program.<\/p>\n\n\n

-oleniacz-<\/p>\n\n\n

Note to Editors<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> The study abstract follows.<\/p>\n\n\n

Effect of Material Properties on Fiber-Shaped Pneumatic Actuators Performance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

Authors<\/em>: Muh Amdadul Hoque, Emily Petersen and Xiaomeng Fang<\/p>\n\n\n

Published<\/em>: March 18, 2023, Actuators<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

DOI<\/em>: 10.3390\/act12030129<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

Abstract:<\/strong> Thin fiber-shaped pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) can generate contractile motions upon stimulation, and it is well known for its good compliance, high weight-to-power ratio, resemblance to animal muscle movements, and, most importantly, the capability to be integrated into fabrics and other textile forms for wearable devices. This fiber-shaped device, based on McKibben technology, consists of an elastomeric bladder that is wrapped around by a braided sleeve, which transfers radial expansion into longitudinal contraction due to the change in the sleeve\u2019s braiding angle while being inflated. This paper investigates the effect of material properties on fiber-shaped PAM\u2019s behavior, including the braiding yarn and bladder\u2019s dimensional and mechanical properties. A range of samples with combinations of yarn and bladder parameters were developed and characterized. A robust fabrication process verified through several calibration and control experiments of PAM was applied, which ensured a more accurate characterization of the actuators. The results demonstrate that material properties, such as yarn stiffness, yarn diameter, bladder diameter, and bladder hardness, have significant effects on PAMs\u2019 deformation strains and forces generated. The findings can serve as fundamental guidelines for the future design and development of fiber-shaped pneumatic actuators.<\/p>\n\n\n

Development of a Pneumatic-Driven Fiber-Shaped Robot Scaffold for Use as a Complex 3D Dynamic Culture System<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

Authors<\/em>: Muh Amdadul Hoque*, Nasif Mahmood*, Kiran M. Ali, Eelya Sefat, Yihan Huang, Emily Petersen, Shane Harrington, Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica M. Gluck<\/p>\n\n\n

*contributed equally<\/p>\n\n\n

Published<\/em>: April 21 2023, Biomimetics<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

DOI<\/em>: 10.3390\/biomimetics8020170<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

Abstract:<\/strong> Cells can sense and respond to different kinds of continuous mechanical strain in the human body. Mechanical stimulation needs to be included within the in vitro culture system to better mimic the existing complexity of in vivo biological systems. Existing commercial dynamic culture systems are generally two-dimensional (2D) which fail to mimic the three-dimensional (3D) native microenvironment. In this study, a pneumatically driven fiber robot has been developed as a platform for 3D dynamic cell culture. The fiber robot can generate tunable contractions upon stimulation. The surface of the fiber robot is formed by a braiding structure, which provides promising surface contact and adequate space for cell culture. An in-house dynamic stimulation using the fiber robot was set up to maintain NIH3T3 cells in a controlled environment. The biocompatibility of the developed dynamic culture systems was analyzed using LIVE\/DEAD\u2122 and alamarBlue\u2122 assays. The results showed that the dynamic culture system was able to support cell proliferation with minimal cytotoxicity similar to static cultures. However, we observed a decrease in cell viability in the case of a high strain rate in dynamic cultures. Differences in cell arrangement and proliferation were observed between braided sleeves made of different materials (nylon and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene). In summary, a simple and cost-effective 3D dynamic culture system has been proposed, which can be easily implemented to study complex biological phenomena in vitro.<\/p>\n

This post was originally published<\/a> in NC State News.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false,"raw":"\n

In two new studies, North Carolina State University researchers designed and tested a series of textile fibers that can change shape and generate force like a muscle. In the first study<\/a>, the researchers focused on the materials\u2019 influence on artificial muscles\u2019 strength and contraction length. The findings could help researchers tailor the fibers for different applications.<\/p>\n\n\n

In the second, proof-of-concept study<\/a>, the researchers tested their fibers as scaffolds for live cells. Their findings suggest the fibers \u2013 known as \u201cfiber robots\u201d \u2013 could potentially be used to develop 3D models of living, moving systems in the human body.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cWe found that our fiber robot is a very suitable scaffold for the cells, and we can alter the frequency and contraction ratio to create a more suitable environment for cells,\u201d said Muh Amdadul Hoque,<\/a> graduate student in textile engineering, chemistry and science at NC State. \u201cThese were proof-of concept studies; ultimately, our goal is to see if we can study these fibers as a scaffold for stem cells, or use them to develop artificial organs in future studies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

Researchers made the shape-changing fibers by encapsulating a balloon-like tube, made of a material similar to rubber, in a braided textile sheath. Inflating the interior balloon with an air pump makes the braided sheath expand, causing it to shorten.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers measured the force and contraction rates of fibers made from different materials in order to understand the relationship between material and performance. They found that stronger, larger diameter yarns generated a stronger contraction force. In addition, they found that the material used to make the balloon impacted the magnitude of the contraction and generated force.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cWe found that we could tailor the material properties to the required performance of the device,\u201d said Xiaomeng Fang<\/a>, assistant professor of textile engineering, chemistry and science at NC State. \u201cWe also found that we can make this device small enough so we can potentially use it in fabric formation and other textile applications, including in wearables and assistive devices.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

In a follow-up study, researchers evaluated whether they could use the shape-changing fibers as a scaffold for fibroblasts, a cell type found in connective tissues that help support other tissues or organs.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThe idea with stretching is to mimic the dynamic nature of how your body moves,\u201d said Jessica Gluck<\/a>, assistant professor of textile engineering, chemistry and science at NC State, and a study co-author.<\/p>\n\n\n

They studied the cells\u2019 response to the motion of the shape-changing fibers, and to different materials used in the fibers\u2019 construction. They found the cells were able to cover and even penetrate the fiber robot\u2019s braiding sheath. However, they saw decreases in the cells\u2019 metabolic activity when the fiber robot\u2019s contraction extended beyond a certain level, compared to a device made of the same material that they kept stationary.<\/p>\n\n\n

The researchers are interested in building on the findings to see if they could use the fibers as a 3D biological model, and to investigate whether movement would impact cell differentiation. They said their model would be an advance over other existing experimental models that have been developed to show cellular response to stretching and other motion, since they can only move in two dimensions.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cTypically, if you want to add stretch or strain on cells, you would put them onto a plastic dish, and stretch them in one or two directions,\u201d Gluck said. \u201cIn this study, we were able to show that in this 3D dynamic culture, the cells can survive for up to 72 hours.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cThis is particularly useful for stem cells,\u201d Gluck added. \u201cWhat we could do in the future is look at what could happen at the cellular level with mechanical stress on the cells. You could look at muscle cells and see how they\u2019re developing, or see how the mechanical action would help differentiate the cells.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

The study, \u201cEffect of Material Properties on Fiber-Shaped Pneumatic Actuators Performance\u201d was published in Actuators<\/em> on March 18. Emily Petersen was a co-author. The study was funded by start-up funding awarded to Fang from the Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science at NC State.<\/p>\n\n\n

The study, \u201cDevelopment of a Pneumatic-Driven Fiber-Shaped Robot Scaffold for Use as a Complex 3D Dynamic Culture System\u201d was published online in Biomimetics <\/em>on April 21. In addition to Gluck, Hoque and Fang, co-authors included Nasif Mahmood, Kiran M. Ali, Eelya Sefat, Yihan Huang, Emily Petersen and Shane Harrington. The study was funded by the NC State Wilson College of Textiles, the Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science Department and the Wilson College of Textiles Research Opportunity Seed Fund Program.<\/p>\n\n\n

-oleniacz-<\/p>\n\n\n

Note to Editors<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> The study abstract follows.<\/p>\n\n\n

Effect of Material Properties on Fiber-Shaped Pneumatic Actuators Performance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

Authors<\/em>: Muh Amdadul Hoque, Emily Petersen and Xiaomeng Fang<\/p>\n\n\n

Published<\/em>: March 18, 2023, Actuators<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

DOI<\/em>: 10.3390\/act12030129<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

Abstract:<\/strong> Thin fiber-shaped pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) can generate contractile motions upon stimulation, and it is well known for its good compliance, high weight-to-power ratio, resemblance to animal muscle movements, and, most importantly, the capability to be integrated into fabrics and other textile forms for wearable devices. This fiber-shaped device, based on McKibben technology, consists of an elastomeric bladder that is wrapped around by a braided sleeve, which transfers radial expansion into longitudinal contraction due to the change in the sleeve\u2019s braiding angle while being inflated. This paper investigates the effect of material properties on fiber-shaped PAM\u2019s behavior, including the braiding yarn and bladder\u2019s dimensional and mechanical properties. A range of samples with combinations of yarn and bladder parameters were developed and characterized. A robust fabrication process verified through several calibration and control experiments of PAM was applied, which ensured a more accurate characterization of the actuators. The results demonstrate that material properties, such as yarn stiffness, yarn diameter, bladder diameter, and bladder hardness, have significant effects on PAMs\u2019 deformation strains and forces generated. The findings can serve as fundamental guidelines for the future design and development of fiber-shaped pneumatic actuators.<\/p>\n\n\n

Development of a Pneumatic-Driven Fiber-Shaped Robot Scaffold for Use as a Complex 3D Dynamic Culture System<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

Authors<\/em>: Muh Amdadul Hoque*, Nasif Mahmood*, Kiran M. Ali, Eelya Sefat, Yihan Huang, Emily Petersen, Shane Harrington, Xiaomeng Fang and Jessica M. Gluck<\/p>\n\n\n

*contributed equally<\/p>\n\n\n

Published<\/em>: April 21 2023, Biomimetics<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

DOI<\/em>: 10.3390\/biomimetics8020170<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

Abstract:<\/strong> Cells can sense and respond to different kinds of continuous mechanical strain in the human body. Mechanical stimulation needs to be included within the in vitro culture system to better mimic the existing complexity of in vivo biological systems. Existing commercial dynamic culture systems are generally two-dimensional (2D) which fail to mimic the three-dimensional (3D) native microenvironment. In this study, a pneumatically driven fiber robot has been developed as a platform for 3D dynamic cell culture. The fiber robot can generate tunable contractions upon stimulation. The surface of the fiber robot is formed by a braiding structure, which provides promising surface contact and adequate space for cell culture. An in-house dynamic stimulation using the fiber robot was set up to maintain NIH3T3 cells in a controlled environment. The biocompatibility of the developed dynamic culture systems was analyzed using LIVE\/DEAD\u2122 and alamarBlue\u2122 assays. The results showed that the dynamic culture system was able to support cell proliferation with minimal cytotoxicity similar to static cultures. However, we observed a decrease in cell viability in the case of a high strain rate in dynamic cultures. Differences in cell arrangement and proliferation were observed between braided sleeves made of different materials (nylon and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene). In summary, a simple and cost-effective 3D dynamic culture system has been proposed, which can be easily implemented to study complex biological phenomena in vitro.<\/p>\n"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NC State researchers found artificial muscle fibers could be used to develop 3-D models of living, moving systems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":51278,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"source":"ncstate_wire","ncst_custom_author":"","ncst_show_custom_author":false,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"ncst\/default-post-header","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"{\"caption\":\"\",\"displayCategoryID\":512,\"showAuthor\":true,\"showDate\":true,\"showFeaturedVideo\":false}","ncst_content_audit_freq":"","ncst_content_audit_date":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[512,479],"tags":[669,1143,2327,504,1382],"displayCategory":{"term_id":512,"name":"Research and Innovation","slug":"research-and-innovation","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":512,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":224,"filter":"raw"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"Artificial Muscle Fibers Could Serve as Cell Scaffolds - Wilson College of Textiles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2023\/05\/artificial-muscle-fibers-could-serve-as-cell-scaffolds-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Artificial Muscle Fibers Could Serve as Cell Scaffolds - Wilson College of Textiles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NC State researchers found artificial muscle fibers could be used to develop 3-D models of living, moving systems.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2023\/05\/artificial-muscle-fibers-could-serve-as-cell-scaffolds-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Wilson College of Textiles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-26T12:27:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-02T06:41:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tex-cloud-cdn.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/textiles-ncsu\/20231108100209\/Xiaomeng-Fang-feature.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"844\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ljolenia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ljolenia\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2023\/05\/artificial-muscle-fibers-could-serve-as-cell-scaffolds-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/textiles.ncsu.edu\/news\/2023\/05\/artificial-muscle-fibers-could-serve-as-cell-scaffolds-2\/\",\"name\":\"Artificial Muscle Fibers Could Serve as Cell Scaffolds - 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